Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,116 results found
Article
Inverted papilloma
Inverted papillomas are a type of Schneiderian papilloma, representing an uncommon non-cancerous sinonasal tumor that mostly affects middle-aged men. They may rarely undergo malignant transformation, most commonly into squamous cell carcinoma. On imaging, they classically demonstrate a convolute...
Article
Meningeal hemangiopericytoma (historical)
Hemangiopericytomas of the meninges are rare tumors of the meninges, now considered to be an aggressive form of solitary fibrous tumors of the dura. They often present as large and locally aggressive dural masses, frequently extending through the skull vault. They are difficult to distinguish on...
Article
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in adults. CT is the mainstay for colon cancer locoregional staging and MRI is the mainstay for rectal cancer locoregional staging.
This article focuses on co...
Article
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumors (SCPFT) or PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumors are rare low-grade mesenchymal neoplasms of the dermis and subcutis 1-3 that have been just added to the WHO classification of soft tissue tumors in 2020 2,3.
Epidemiology
Superficial CD34-positive fi...
Article
Sinonasal carcinoma
Sinonasal carcinomas are a broad group of sinonasal malignant tumors that are of epithelial cell origin/lineage.
Pathology
Sinonasal carcinomas can be classified into various histological and etiological subgroups:
sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: considered the most common histological sub...
Article
T-prolymphocytic leukemia
T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and unusual hematological malignancy.
Terminology
In the WHO classification, this is referred to as T-prolymphocytic leukemia rather than T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.
Epidemiology
It represents around 2% of all mature lymphocytic leukaemias in a...
Article
Intramuscular hemangiomas
Intramuscular hemangiomas, also known as intramuscular angiomas, intramuscular capillary-type hemangiomas, and intramuscular fast-flow vascular anomalies 5, are vascular lesions consisting of benign vascular channels within skeletal muscle.
Terminology
In much of the scientific literature, the...
Article
High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features
High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a rare tumor most commonly encountered in the posterior fossa of adults, especially those with neurofibromatosis type 1. It appears heterogeneous and has a relatively poor prognosis.
Epidemiology
Due to the small number of patients reporte...
Article
Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Ultrasound (O-RADS US)
The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Ultrasound (O-RADS US) forms the ultrasound component of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS). This system aims to ensure that there are uniform unambiguous sonographic evaluations of ovarian or other adnexal lesions, accurately ass...
Article
EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumor
EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumors are benign mesenchymal neoplasms with different morphologies and a provisional name 1-4 that was and added to the WHO classification of soft tissue tumors in 2020 2,3.
Epidemiology
EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumors are sporadic soft tissue neopla...
Article
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Mucinous adenocarcinomas of the prostate or colloid adenocarcinomas of the prostate are a variant of acinar adenocarcinoma and characterized by mucinous features.
Epidemiology
Mucinous adenocarcinomas of the prostate are rare and account for less than 0.5% of prostate cancers 1-4.
Diagnosis
...
Article
Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors of childhood, most often presenting as midline masses in the roof of the 4th ventricle (at the superior medullary velum) with associated mass-effect and hydrocephalus. Treatment typically consists of surgical resection, radiation therap...
Article
WAGR syndrome
WAGR syndrome or complex stands for:
Wilms tumors (greatly increased risk)
aniridia
genitourinary anomalies
intellectual disability
Pathology
Genetics
Occurs from a mutation related to chromosome 11p13 3 which is in close proximity to the WT1 gene.
Article
Aflatoxins
Aflatoxins are naturally-occurring mycotoxins that are produced by Aspergillus species, especially Aspergillus flavus. They are acutely toxic and carcinogenic.
Acute exposure
High-level aflatoxin exposure can result in acute aflatoxicosis with acute hepatic necrosis, leading to cirrhosis, and ...
Article
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a very rare genetic multi-system disorder primarily characterized by intellectual disability, broad and often angulated thumbs and halluces, and distinctive facial features.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is 1 in 100,000-125,000 live births 5.
Clinical...
Article
Diffuse hemispheric glioma H3 G34 mutant
Diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34 mutant are rare and high grade infiltrating tumors typically presenting in adolescents and young adults.
Terminology
Diffuse hemispheric gliomas H3 G34 mutant have been included in the 5th Edition (2021) of the WHO brain tumor classification 1 among the "ped...
Article
Myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma
Myxoid pleomorphic liposarcomas are extremely rare aggressive malignant neoplasms arising from adipocytic tissues characterized by a mixture of pleomorphic and myxoid features and the absence of genetic fusions and amplifications seen in well-differentiated liposarcoma and other lines of differe...
Article
Rectal cancer response assessment
Assessment of rectal cancer response to therapy, which may be chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination, relies on the synthesis of clinical, endoscopic and radiologic evaluation.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to downstage the tumor, to facilitate surgical resection, and reduce loca...
Article
Choledochal cyst
Choledochal cysts represent congenital cystic dilatations of the biliary tree. Diagnosis relies on excluding other conditions as a cause of biliary duct dilatation, e.g. tumor, gallstone, inflammation.
Epidemiology
Choledochal cysts are rare, with an incidence of 1:100,000-150,000. Although th...
Article
Gynecologic Imaging-Reporting and Data System (GI-RADS)
The Gynecologic Imaging-Reporting and Data System (GI-RADS) is a reporting system that was created for reporting the findings in adnexal masses based on transvaginal ultrasonography.
Classification
Findings are classified into five categories 1:
GI-RADS 1
normal ovaries identified and no adn...
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