Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
337 results found
Article
Primary myelofibrosis
Primary myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow is replaced with collagenous connective tissue resulting in progressive fibrosis. It is characterized by:
extramedullary hematopoiesis
progressive splenomegaly
anemia
variable change in the number of granulocytes...
Article
Rosai-Dorfman disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy or Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease, is a rare benign idiopathic proliferative disease that involves phagocytic histiocytes.
Epidemiology
The disease predominantly occurs in young adults with a mean age at pre...
Article
WHO classification of haematolymphoid tumors
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of haematolymphoid tumors is the most widely used pathologic classification system for hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms. The current revision 1, known as the 5th edition, was published in 2022 and supersedes the 4th edition revised published...
Article
Splenic abscess
Splenic abscesses, like abscesses elsewhere, are localized collections of necrotic inflammatory tissue caused by bacteria, parasites or fungi. They uncommonly affect the spleen due to its efficient reticuloendothelial system phagocytic activity and, consequently, are more likely seen in immunosu...
Article
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is an uncommon type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In this condition, the affected tissues (usually bone marrow) become infiltrated by small lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells.
Some publications state this condition synonymous with Waldens...
Article
Notch sign (primary CNS lymphoma)
The notch sign refers to an abnormally deep depression at the tumor margin in contrast-enhanced MRI in primary CNS lymphoma 1. It is not an uncommon sign in primary CNS lymphoma and can be seen in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. It suggests an irregular growth pattern as wel...
Article
Birbeck granules
Birbeck granules refer to unusual rod-shaped structures specific to Langerhans cells. Their origin and function remain undetermined. Langerin is a crucial component within Birbeck granules.
History and etymology
Birbeck granules were first described by Michael S Birbeck in 1961 3.
Related pat...
Article
Infectious mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis (also known as glandular fever) is the term for infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The infection classically occurs in teenagers and young adults, hence its popular name kissing disease. It is usually a clinical diagnosis, with confirmation by serum testing, but ma...
Article
Marginal zone lymphoma
Marginal zone lymphomas are a group of low grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arise from the marginal zone of B cell germinal follicles in lymph nodes. There are three types of marginal zone lymphomas depending on the site of origin, namely mucosa-accosiated lymphoid tissue (MALT), splenic and extr...
Article
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (abdominal complications)
Abdominal complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can occur early (0-100 days) or late (>100 days) post-transplant.
Complications
Early
bacterial infections, e.g. pseudomembranous colitis
fungal infections, often affecting the esophagus or as hepatic/splenic microabscesses
...
Article
Primary bone lymphoma
Primary bone (skeletal/osseous) lymphoma (PBL) is a less common manifestation of lymphoma than secondary involvement from disseminated lymphoma. It is rare, accounting for <5% of bone tumors and <1% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Terminology
PBL is defined as the presence of lymphoma isolated to one...
Article
Anemia of chronic disease
Anemia of chronic disease, also known as anemia of inflammation, is a type of anemia caused by chronic inflammation.
Terminology
According to some sources, the term 'anemia of inflammation' should replace, or has already replaced, the terms 'anemia of chronic disease' and 'anemia of chronic d...
Article
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a multisystem thrombotic microangiopathic disease characterized by the triad of renal failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. It is the most common cause of renal failure in infancy and childhood requiring dialysis.
There are two forms of this syndrom...
Article
Mediastinal lymph node enlargement
Mediastinal lymph node enlargement can occur from a wide range of pathologies and can be isolated or associated with lung pathology. Historically, a size cut-off of 10 mm short-axis diameter was used.
Terminology
The term mediastinal lymphadenopathy implies lymph node disease and is not synon...
Article
AIDS-defining illness
AIDS-defining illnesses are conditions that in the setting of a HIV infection confirm the diagnosis of AIDS and do not commonly occur in immunocompetent individuals 2. According to the CDC surveillance case definition 1, they are:
Infectious
bacterial infections: multiple or recurrent
candidi...
Article
Hyperimmunoglobulin IgE syndrome
Hyperimmunoglobulin E (hyper IgE) syndrome (HIES), also known as Job syndrome, consists of a heterogeneous group of complex hereditary combined B- and T-cell immune deficiency diseases characterized by recurrent Staphylococcus aureus chest infections, characteristic coarse facial appearance and ...
Article
Pyrexia of unknown origin
A pyrexia of unknown origin, commonly shortened to PUO, and also known as a fever of unknown origin (FUO), was originally defined in 1961 as the condition in which the core body temperature is >38.3oC for a period of three weeks or more, with no diagnosis reached after one week of inpatient inve...
Article
Cyanosis
Cyanosis (plural: cyanoses) is a physical sign represented by bluish discolouration of the skin. It indicates there is reduced oxygen bound to red blood cells in the bloodstream. Diagnosis of the underlying cause of cyanosis is based on a thorough history and physical examination.
Pathology
Et...
Article
Trousseau syndrome
Trousseau syndrome is an inconsistently defined entity which broadly represents the association between thromboembolism and malignancy, often prior to or concomitantly with the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy 1.
The syndrome has been variably defined to include entities such as migratory...
Article
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) is a leukoproliferative disorder and refers to a situation when there is an unexplained prolonged eosinophilia with associated organ system dysfunction.
Pathology
Individuals have prolonged raised total leukocyte counts with raised eosinophil count...
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