Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
535 results found
Article
Concurrent suprasellar and pineal region lesions (differential)
Concurrent suprasellar and pineal region lesions have a relatively short differential to be considered, including:
germinoma
other germ cell tumors
choriocarcinoma
embryonal cell carcinoma
yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor)
primary CNS lymphoma
cerebral metastasis
quadrilateral ret...
Article
First metatarsal axis
The first metatarsal axis is represented by a line drawn down the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the first metatarsal. It can be drawn on lateral and DP radiographs and is used to measure the:
first metatarsal inclination angle
talo-first metatarsal angle
Article
Tuberculosis (musculoskeletal manifestations)
Musculoskeletal tuberculosis is always secondary to a primary lesion in the lung.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of the disease is around 30 million globally and 1-3% of the 30 million have involvement of their bones and/or joints. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for almost all of the c...
Article
PECARN traumatic brain injury algorithm
The PECARN (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network) traumatic brain injury algorithm is a clinical decision rule that aims to identify children at very low risk of clinically important traumatic brain injury (ci-TBI) 1. This validated pediatric algorithm predicts likelihood of the abo...
Article
Placental abruption in the exam
Getting a film with placental abruption (premature separation of placenta from uterus) in the exam is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
Description
Transabdominal and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound show a single live fetus with gestational age of 27 weeks. The cervix i...
Article
Weightbearing foot series (an approach)
Reporting a weightbearing foot series can be a daunting process if you are inexperienced and often results in the films being left for somebody else to report. This article attempts to demystify the whole process by providing a structured approach to their reporting.
Technique
The weightbearin...
Article
Submucosal leiomyoma in the exam
Getting a film with submucosal fibroid in the exam is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
Description
Transabdominal and transvaginal pelvic ultrasound scans show an anteverted uterus with endometrium that is 7 mm wide and has a trilaminar appearance indicative of the pe...
Article
Retained barium in appendix
Retained barium in appendix refers to the presence of barium in appendix beyond 72 hours from the start of procedure.
Proposed significance
Previously used as a sign of appendicitis.
Actual significance
Retained barium outlining the appendiceal lumen allows evaluation of its width and contou...
Article
Follicular monitoring
Follicular monitoring or follicular study is a vital component of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) assessment and timing. It basically employs a simple technique for assessing ovarian follicles at regular intervals and documenting the pathway to ovulation.
Physiology
Journey to ovulation begins d...
Article
Intraventricular masses (an approach)
The ventricular system of the brain plays host to a variety of unique tumors, as well as tumors that are more frequently seen elsewhere (e.g. meningiomas). Besides, some intra-axial (parenchymal) masses can be mostly exophytic and thus appear mostly intraventricular. A systematic approach taking...
Article
Sagittal midline of the brain (an approach)
The sagittal midline of the brain is one of the most important sectional planes in neuroimaging. A good working knowledge of the normal neuroanatomy of the sagittal midline is essential so that the subtle abnormalities that may manifest here can be recognized.
The neuroembryological development...
Article
Dolan's lines
Dolan's lines are the collective name given to three lines described by Dolan and Jacoby 1 that aid in evaluating for maxillofacial fractures on an occipitomental skull radiograph. They are usually used as an adjunct to McGrigor-Campbell lines.
orbital line traces the inner margins of the later...
Article
Exam set-pieces
Exam set-pieces refer to those cases that can be considered likely to turn up in the exam setting and can be prepared for. In the oral exam, having a prepared "speech" for these set-pieces allows the candidate to focus less on the stress of describing what is in front of them and more on conside...
Article
Fetal MCA systolic/diastolic ratio
Fetal MCA systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio is an important parameter in fetal middle cerebral arterial Doppler assessment. It is a useful predictor of fetal distress and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
Interpretation
Normal
During pregnancy the middle cerebral (and other intracranial)...
Article
Big rib sign
The big rib sign is a sign to differentiate right and left ribs on lateral chest radiographs.
It exploits a technique of magnification differences on lateral projections between right and left ribs. For example, on right lateral projections the left ribs appear larger than right ribs.
This s...
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