Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,880 results found
Article
Biliary atresia
Biliary atresia is a congenital biliary disorder that is characterized by an absence or severe deficiency of the extrahepatic biliary tree. It is one of the most common causes of neonatal cholestasis, often causing cirrhosis immediately and leading to death and accounts for over half of children...
Article
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
Kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas are rare, locally invasive vascular tumors that often present in infancy, most commonly as an enlarging cutaneous mass 1,2. They are currently classified as distinct from tufted angiomas in the ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies. However, some consider it...
Article
Mid-talar axis
The mid-talar axis represents a line drawn down the longitudinal axis of the talus and can be drawn on lateral and DP radiographs.
Measurement
Independent on the view on which the line is drawn, it should bisect the neck of the talus and the head.
On the lateral and DP views, the line should...
Article
Perivascular spaces
Perivascular spaces, also known as Virchow-Robin spaces, are fluid-filled spaces that surround small arterioles, capillaries and venules in the brain. Those that surround perforating vessels are frequently seen on routine MRI imaging.
Despite having been described well over a century ago and se...
Article
Parastomal hernia
Parastomal hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are defined as the protrusion of abdominal contents through an abdominal wall defect in the vicinity of the stoma.
Classification
The hernia may contain a loop of bowel forming the stoma itself, omentum, and/or intestinal loops other than that f...
Article
MitraClip device
A MitraClip is a device for percutaneous mitral valve repair. It is a percutaneous edge-to-edge attachment system that mimics the surgical procedure. This technique creates a tissue bridge between the anterior and posterior leaflets, employing one clip deployed through transseptal catheterizatio...
Article
Benign and malignant characteristics of breast lesions at ultrasound
Benign and malignant characteristics of breast lesions at ultrasound allow the classification as either malignant, intermediate or benign based on work published by Stavros et al. in 1995.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
Malignant characteristics (with positive predictive values)
sonog...
Article
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Parathyroid hyperplasia is the diffuse enlargement of the parathyroid glands and is a less common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Epidemiology
There is a female predilection (M:F = 1:3).
Clinical presentation
Most commonly an incidental finding of hypercalcemia in asymptomatic patien...
Article
Accessory left atrial appendage
An accessory left atrial appendage is a frequent fortuitous finding in cardiac imaging, encountered in ~10% of patients. They are more often seen as a small diverticular structure projecting from the right upper side of the left atrial wall.
Differential diagnosis
it must not be confused with ...
Article
Ischemic colitis
Ischemic colitis refers to inflammation of the colon secondary to vascular insufficiency and ischemia. It is sometimes considered under the same spectrum as intestinal ischemia. The severity and consequences of the disease are highly variable.
Epidemiology
Ischemic bowel is typically a disease...
Article
Spinal meningioma
Meningiomas arising from the coverings of the spinal cord are one of the two most common intradural extramedullary spinal tumors, representing 25-30% of all such tumors 2.
This article specifically relates to spinal meningiomas. For a discussion on intracranial meningiomas and a general discus...
Article
Lateral talocalcaneal angle
The lateral talocalcaneal angle is one of the angles that can be measured for the assessment of pes planus and pes cavus and assessment of hindfoot deformity.
Measurement
The lateral talocalcaneal angle is drawn on a weight-bearing lateral foot radiograph. There are two ways that it has been d...
Article
Stanford classification of aortic dissection
The Stanford classification, along with the DeBakey classification, is used to separate aortic dissections into those that need surgical repair, and those that usually require only medical management 7.
Both the Stanford and DeBakey systems can be used to describe all forms of an acute aortic s...
Article
Lunate
The lunate (os lunatum or semilunar) is one of the carpal bones and is a component of the proximal carpal row.
Gross anatomy
Osteology
The lunate is crescent-shaped with a proximal convex articular facet and a distal concave articular facet. On the medial surface is a square-shaped facet and ...
Article
Charles T Dotter
Charles T Dotter (1920-1985) is often considered the father of interventional radiology who in 1964 performed the very first peripheral angioplasty, and made many other major contributions in this field.
Early life
Charles Theodore Dotter was born in Boston on 14 June 1920. He graduated with a...
Article
Combined cerebral edema
Combined cerebral edema is a type of cerebral edema in which there is a mixed pattern of different types of cerebral edema (cytotoxic, vasogenic or osmotic).
It is usually associated with severe systemic damage, such as:
hypertensive crises
severe sepsis / severe inflammatory condition
hypox...
Article
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), refers to a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies rather than a single clinical entity 9.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of CMT in one Norwegian study was 82.3 cases per 100,000 peo...
Article
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders characterized by accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia, which results in variable neurological disorders including extrapyramidal symptoms, neuropsychiatric and visual symptoms.
Numerou...
Article
Radial head
The radial head is the proximal articular surface of the radius and prone to dislocation in childhood and fracture in adults. It is palpable on the lateral side of the elbow, immediately distal to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Gross anatomy
The radial head forms part of the elbow join...
Article
Fetal atrioventricular block
Fetal atrioventricular block is a form a fetal bradyarrhythmia often classified into
fetal partial atrioventricular block (PAVB)
fetal complete atrioventricular block (CAVB)
Epidemiology
Fetal atrioventricular block is considered rare finding with reported occurrences of around 1:11,000-20,0...
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