Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,465 results found
Article
Ascites
Ascites (hydroperitoneum is a rare synonym) is defined as an abnormal amount of intraperitoneal fluid.
Terminology
Ascites (plural is the same word) tends to be reserved for relatively sizable amounts of peritoneal fluid. The amount has not been defined formally. It is noted physiologically, h...
Article
Gastropericardial fistula
Gastropericardial fistulas are rare abnormal communications between the stomach and the pericardial sac. This is a life-threatening condition that can lead to impaired cardiac function, sepsis and eventually death.
Clinical presentation
Patients with gastropericardial fistula may present with ...
Article
Cystic lesions of the pancreas (differential)
The differential for cystic lesions of the pancreas includes:
unilocular
pancreatic pseudocyst
intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)
serous cystadenoma uncommonly uni/macrolocular
simple pancreatic cyst
cystic neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas
diffuse pancreatic cysts
pancrea...
Article
Rectoanal intussusception
Rectoanal intussusception refers to the telescoping or infolding of the rectal wall within the rectum itself, or into the anal canal, or externally, during defecation.
Terminology
Rectoanal intussusception is also termed internal intussusception and internal procidentia1 .
Epidemiology
Recto...
Article
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms or tumors (IPMNs or IMPTs) are epithelial pancreatic cystic tumors of mucin-producing cells that arise from the pancreatic ducts. They are most commonly seen in elderly patients.
On imaging, particularly MRCP, they are characterized by single or multipl...
Article
Intestinal transplant
Intestinal transplantation is a surgical treatment for intestinal failure. It is one of the most rarely performed transplant procedures performed, exclusively involving the transplantation of donor small bowel to a recipient, with an ileostomy formation.
Due to the high risk of complications w...
Article
Benign post-traumatic pseudopneumoperitoneum
Benign post-traumatic pseudopneumoperitoneum is the presence of ectopic gas typically between the 5th-10th intercostal spaces after high-energy trauma in the absence of other causes of pseudopneumoperitoneum such as pneumomediastinum 9.
Epidemiology
Occurs with an incidence of 5% post-trauma...
Article
Barium sulfate contrast medium
Barium sulfate (BaSO4), often just called barium in radiology parlance, is an ionic salt of barium (Ba), a metallic chemical element with atomic number 56. Barium sulfate forms the basis for a range of contrast media used in fluoroscopic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike barium ...
Article
Appendix
The appendix or vermiform appendix (plural: appendices) is a blind muscular tube arising from the cecum, the first part of the large bowel.
Gross anatomy
The appendix arises from the posteromedial surface of the cecum, approximately 2-3 cm inferior to the ileocecal valve, where the three longi...
Article
Rectal cancer (staging)
Staging of rectal cancer uses the TNM staging system and strongly predicts the success, and rate, of local recurrence following rectal cancer resection. MRI is the modality of choice for the staging of rectal cancer, to guide surgical and non-surgical management options. MRI is used at diagnosis...
Article
Cone-shaped cecum (differential)
A cone-shaped cecum refers to a loss of the normal rounded appearance of the cecum, which instead becomes narrow and cone-shaped with the apex pointing towards the base of the appendix. It is encountered in a number of conditions including:
inflammatory
infective
blastomycosis
amoebiasis
Ye...
Article
Aortoesophageal fistula
Aortoesophageal (aorto-esophageal) fistulae are pathologic communications between the aorta and esophagus and result in life-threatening upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. They are fatal in the absence of prompt management.
Epidemiology
Aortoesophageal fistulas are a rare entity that accounts...
Article
Traumatic abdominal wall hernia
Traumatic abdominal wall hernia describes the traumatic disruption of musculature and fascia of anterior abdominal wall without skin penetration.
Clinical presentation
Abdominal skin ecchymosis or abrasions may be seen.
Pathology
Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is caused by blunt trauma to t...
Article
Epiploic appendagitis
Epiploic appendagitis is a rare self-limiting ischemic/inflammatory process that affects the appendices epiploicae of the colon and may either be primary or secondary to adjacent pathology. This article pertains to primary (spontaneous) epiploic appendagitis. The term, along with omental infarct...
Article
Hyperattenuating ring sign (epiploic appendagitis)
The hyperattenuating ring sign is a sign that has been described with epiploic appendagitis and intraperitoneal focal fat infarction. It refers to a hyperattenuating ring of visceral peritoneum. In the setting of epiplogic appendagitis, the ring would surround a thrombosed vascular pedicle with ...
Article
Anterior resection of the rectum
Anterior resection is a surgical procedure to resect the rectum and sigmoid colon while preserving the anal sphincter complex.
Indications
cancer of the rectum (most common)
severe diverticular disease
Procedure
Although historically an open procedure, most anterior resections are now perfo...
Article
Anterior resection syndrome
Anterior resection syndrome refers to a wide spectrum of symptoms that develop following sphincter-preserving anterior resection of the rectum.
Epidemiology
There have been reports that ~50% of patients who undergo anterior resection for rectal cancer develop anterior resection syndrome 2.
Ri...
Article
Pyloric stenosis
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) refers to the idiopathic thickening of gastric pyloric musculature which then results in progressive gastric outlet obstruction.
Epidemiology
Pyloric stenosis is relatively common, with an incidence of approximately 2-5 per 1000 births, and a male predilect...
Article
Limberg score
Limberg score is a semiquantitative color Doppler ultrasound assessment of the bowel wall vascularity in inflammatory bowel disease.
grade 0: normal bowel wall with no thickening (<4 mm), well-delineated mural stratification, no mural flow (no color Doppler signal)
grade 1: wall thickenin...
Article
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD) (also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola) is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the Ebola filovirus. Ebola is an extremely virulent virus with a case fatality rate of ~70% 1.
Epidemiology
First recognized in 1967 after polio vaccine laboratory w...
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