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Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.

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LI-RADS (overview)

Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a standardized terminology and classification system for imaging findings in liver lesions. A liver lesion's LI-RADS score indicates its relative risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Usage The classification system is meant to be used in...

Diffuse axonal injury (grading)

Grading of diffuse axonal injury due to trauma is described according to the anatomic distribution of injury. Contrary to the implication of the word "diffuse," diffuse axonal injury has a topological predilection for focal involvement of certain sites in the brain. These sites, in turn, vary in...

SRU management guidelines for gallbladder polyps

The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) consensus recommendation for the management of incidentally detected gallbladder polyps was published in 2021 1. Usage The SRU consensus recommendation is one of many guidelines for the management of incidentally detected gallbladder polyps. The ...

Lund-Mackay score

The Lund-Mackay score is a CT-based scoring system for chronic rhinosinusitis 1 and is popular due to its simplicity and high inter and intra-observer reliability 6,7. Lund-Mackay score When reading a CT scan of the paranasal sinuses and ostiomeatal complex, the reader assigns each sinus a sco...

Morgan and Superina classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts

The Morgan and Superina classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts is based on the absence (type 1) or presence (type 2) of intrahepatic portal blood supply 2. Usage This classification system is widely used (c. 2020) 2, although there is evidence that all congenital extrah...

Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis

The Kellgren and Lawrence system is a common method of classifying the severity of osteoarthritis (OA) using five grades. The original paper 1 graded OA at the following sites and projections: hands: posteroanterior cervical spine: lateral lumbar spine (facet joints only): lateral hips: an...

Dameron-Lawrence-Botte classification of proximal 5th metatarsal fractures

The Dameron-Lawrence-Botte classification, or Lawrence-Botte classification, is a commonly used system for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures as it has management implications 3. Classification Under this system, proximal fifth metatarsal fractures are categorized into one of three anatomic ...

Crawford classification

The Crawford classification system is used to classify thoracoabdominal aneurysms and has important therapeutic implications. Precise classification of anatomical features allows accurate risk stratification and appropriate operative planning 1,2. Classification The system divides thoracoabdo...

CT colonography reporting and data system

CT Colonography Reporting and Data System (C-RADS) is a method for standardizing CT colonography (CTC) reporting. The current revision is 2023 5. Terminology A polyp is defined as a homogenous soft tissue attenuation lesion projecting into the colonic lumen with a fixed point of attachment to ...

Varicocele grading on color Doppler

Varicocele grading on color Doppler can be done variably. The most elaborate and widely-accepted grading was given by Sarteschi, as below. For a general discussion of this condition refer to the article: varicocele. Evaluation baseline greyscale study in supine position and measure the diame...

Lumbar spinal stenosis (grading)

Lumbar spinal stenosis grading refers to systems for classifying the severity of lumbar spinal canal stenosis, especially the central zone, around the cauda equina nerve roots. Overview There are multiple systems for grading lumbar spinal stenosis in the central zone. The simplest classificati...

Intervertebral disc disease nomenclature

Intervertebral disc disease nomenclature has changed over the years, and a familiarity with current definitions is essential if clear communication is to be achieved via radiology reports or referrals, especially as lumbar disc disease is a common problem and a source of a great deal of imaging....

Whitmore-Jewett staging system (historical)

The Whitmore-Jewett staging system (also known as the Jewett staging system or ABCD system) is a superseded staging system for prostate cancer. It was developed by the American Urological Association (AUA). Most societies (including AUA) and clinicians now advocate and use the TNM staging system...

Ideberg classification of glenoid fossa fractures

The Ideberg classification system is the most common system used to describe glenoid fossa and rim fractures 1. Glenoid fractures are uncommon fractures of the shoulder but are important to recognize as they are often associated with concomitant injuries to chest, head, brachial plexus and humer...

Bowel and mesenteric trauma injury grading

A number of bowel and mesenteric injury grading systems have been proposed and validated for trauma to the bowel and/or mesentery based on CT and clinical parameters. Classifications RAPTOR 1 The RAdiographic Predictors of Therapeutic intervention score predicts the need for early therapeutic...

International Society of Urological Pathology Vancouver classification of renal neoplasia (historical)

The International Society of Urological Pathology Vancouver classification of renal neoplasia is a now-outdated classification of renal tumors published in 2013. It formed the basis for the WHO classification of tumors of the kidney published in 2016. For reference, the ISUP Vancouver classifica...

Modified Memphis criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury

The modified Memphis criteria are a set of screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) in trauma. The presence of one or more of these criteria makes necessary a complementary CTA or DSA study to exclude a BCVI. The screening protocol criteria for BCVI are: base of skull fractur...

Mason classification of radial head fractures

The Mason classification ( sometimes known as Mason-Johnston classification) is used to classify radial head fractures and is useful when assessing further treatment options 1,2. Classification type I: non-displaced radial head fractures (or small marginal fractures), also known as a "chisel" ...

Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses (version 2019)

The Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses (version 2019), or usually simply Bosniak classification v2019, is an update of the Bosniak criteria published in 2005. Usage The Bosniak classification version referred to international guidelines is variable, with the 2022 European and Canad...

Wiberg classification of patella shape

Wiberg classification is a system used to describe the shape of the patella based mainly on the asymmetry between the patellar medial and lateral facets on axial views of the patella. Increasing number type indicates a larger degree of asymmetry. Classification type I (or type A) roughly symm...

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