Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
803 results found
Article
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a subtype of dilated cardiomyopathy. It is a type of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy where no underlying cause can be found.
Epidemiology
This form of cardiomyopathy may account for up to 50% of all dilated cardiomyopathies 4. Patients usually ranging around 20...
Article
Fetal pericardial teratoma
Fetal pericardial teratomas are rare pericardial teratomas that present in utero. They are an uncommon primary cardiac tumor occurring in a fetus.
Pathology
It is a type of germ cell tumor and arises from pluripotent cells derived from all three germinal layers. In contrast to ovarian teratoma...
Article
Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia
Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia is a type of pulmonary vein atresia.
Clinical presentation
The condition usually present in infancy or childhood with recurrent episodes of pneumonia and/or hemoptysis. Presentation in adulthood does occur but is uncommon.
Pathology
It results from failure o...
Article
Determination of atrial situs
Atrial situs refers to the relative position of the cardiac atria in relation to abdominal viscera and the midline.
Pathology
Identification of atrial situs is an important initial step in the antenatal and postnatal diagnosis of cardiac structural and situs anomalies.
Radiographic features
...
Article
Cardiac lymphoma
Cardiac lymphoma is a rare tumor of the myocardium and/or pericardium. It may be considered as primary or secondary.
Epidemiology
Primary cardiac lymphoma is a rare occurrence, representing only 10% of primary malignant cardiac tumors (1% of all primary cardiac tumors).
Secondary involvement ...
Article
Transient ischemic dilatation
Transient ischemic dilatation (TID) is a paradoxical phenomenon seen in myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging.
With severe balanced coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia may result in apparent enlargement of the left ventricular cavity during stress. The cause of this is not entirely clea...
Article
Third mogul sign
The third mogul sign can be seen on frontal chest radiograph in the presence of left atrial enlargement. It refers to an extra mogul or bump along the upper left cardiac silhouette just below the left main bronchus.
The third mogul sign commonly represents the enlarged left atrial appendage, pa...
Article
Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart diseases, or cardiac valvulopathies, describe any acquired or congenital disease affecting one or more of the four cardiac valves.
This is a general index article that classifies cardiac valvulopathies depending on which valve(s) is affected 1. See individual articles for in-dept...
Article
Panzerherz (heart)
Panzerherz (or armoured heart) is a term used to describe the appearance of the heart in calcified constrictive pericarditis.
The pericardium becomes circumferentially thickened with calcification, limiting the ability of the heart to contract. The rim of dense calcification describes how the h...
Article
Elliott et al. classification of cardiomyopathies
The Elliott et al. classification system of cardiomyopathies is one of the cardiomyopathy classification systems. This was published by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. This places emphasis on phenotypic classification 1-2.
See also
cardi...
Article
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is defined as a "disease of the myocardium with associated cardiac dysfunction" 1. It has been classified according to several systems:
1995 WHO/ISFC cardiomyopathy classification system
Elliott et al. classification system: published by the European Society of Cardiology Workin...
Article
Pink tetralogy of Fallot
Pink tetralogy of Fallot refers to a tetralogy of Fallot in which the degree of right ventricular outflow obstruction is minimal, resulting no significant right to left shunt, and therefore no cyanosis. Symptoms are mild and presentation may be delayed, even into adulthood.
See also
tetralogy ...
Article
Coronary ostial dimple
A coronary ostial dimple is a type of congenital coronary artery anomaly where there is a rudiment of the coronary ostium usually followed more distally by proximal coronary stem atresia.
Article
Fetal cardiac tumors
Fetal cardiac tumors refer to primary cardiac tumors that can present in the in utero population.
Epidemiology
Fetal cardiac tumors are rare; the prevalence, reported from autopsy studies of patients of all ages, varies from 0.0017-0.28 % 2.
Pathology
Known cardiac tumor types that present ...
Article
Delayed myocardial enhancement on MRI (differential)
Delayed myocardial enhancement can occur in cardiac MR assessment due to a number of causes.
They include:
myocardial ischemia: typically subendocardial and follows a vascular territory 1
non-ischemic cardiomyopathies
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
arrhythm...
Article
Walking man sign (chest x-ray)
The walking man sign is seen on a lateral chest radiograph and is a sign of left atrial enlargement. It results from posterior displacement of the left main bronchus such that it no longer overlaps the right bronchus. The left and right bronchus thus appear as an inverted 'V', mimicking the legs...
Article
Atrial escape
Atrial escape refers to a chest x-ray sign of massive left atrial enlargement and is an exaggerated version of the double density sign.
Normally, the right border of the left atrium is not visible. As it enlarges it forms a distinct border projecting through the right heart shadow, medial to ...
Article
Interventricular septal aneurysm
Interventricular septal aneurysm is different from ventricular aneurysm which usually occurs in the cardiac apex. It is defined as a bowing of the interventricular septum of more than 15 mm on either side in adults and 5 mm in children during normal cardiac motion. It may involve either the memb...
Article
Fetal premature ventricular contractions
Fetal premature ventricular contractions (FPVC) are a type ectopic ventricular contractions detected in utero. They are a type of extrasystoles.
Premature ventricular contractions are often followed by a compensatory pause due to the refractory state of the conduction system; the next conducted...
Article
Waterston shunt
A Waterston shunt is a form of palliative surgery performed in patients with tetralogy of Fallot prior to the ability to repair the defect. It consists of a shunt formed between the ascending aorta and the right pulmonary artery.
This does not relieve the right ventricular outflow obstruction, ...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.