Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
3,363 results found
Article
Dorello canal
Dorello canal channels the abducens nerve (CN VI) from the pontine cistern to the cavernous sinus.
Gross anatomy
Dorello canal is an interdural space (between the two layers of dura) found at the medial most end of the petrous ridge at the confluence of the inferior petrosal, basal, and caver...
Article
Frontal intersinus septal cells
Frontal intersinus septal cells, also known as interfrontal sinus septal cells, are a subtype of medial frontal recess cells.
Gross anatomy
The frontal intersinus septal cells lie within the intersinus septum between the frontal sinuses. They usually drain in the medial aspect of the frontal r...
Article
Kugel's artery
An uncommon variant of coronary arterial anatomy, Kugel's artery was originally described as an anastomotic communication between branches of the proximal left circumflex artery with the distal right coronary artery. These coronary trunks often communicate indirectly through atrial anastomotic n...
Article
Common hepatic duct
The common hepatic duct (CHD) is formed by the right and left hepatic ducts junction. It joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct (CBD). It is approximately 4 cm long and 4 mm in diameter, typically.
Together with the cystic duct (laterally) and cystic artery (superiorly), they form ...
Article
Critical zone in rotator cuff tendons
The critical zone of the rotator cuff is an area approximately 8-15 mm from the insertion of the rotator cuff tendons onto the greater tubercle of the humeral head, mainly within the supraspinatus tendon. This is a watershed zone between the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral, thoracoacro...
Article
Myocardium
The myocardium defines the middle layer of the cardiac wall between the endocardium and the pericardium and forms the muscular part of the heart.
Gross anatomy
The myocardium represents the middle layer of the cardiac wall. It is located between the endocardium and the epicardial layer of the ...
Article
Broca's area
Broca's area (Brodmann areas 44 and 45) is an area of the lateral frontal lobe in the dominant hemisphere concerned with the production of speech.
Gross anatomy
Broca's area is located in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis (Brodmann area 44) and pars triangularis (Brodmann ...
Article
Vasa vasorum
The vasa vasorum represents the supporting microvasculature of the larger caliber arteries and veins of the body.
Gross anatomy
The vasa vasorum has two subtypes in humans 2,3:
arterial vasa vasorum: arises from various arteries based on anatomical location (e.g. intercostal arteries for desc...
Article
Popliteofibular ligament
The popliteofibular ligament (PFL) belongs to the lateral supporting structures of the knee and is one of the three primary stabilizers of the posterolateral corner 1-6.
Gross anatomy
It is a flattened, thick, and fan-shaped structure of the width of the popliteus muscle and two divisions 1. I...
Article
Valveless vein
The valveless veins are veins that lack venous valves. Most veins contain valves (known as the valvula venosa in the TA) to prevent backflow, i.e. ensuring that blood flow is always towards the heart 1.
It has been shown that veins that were previously thought to be valveless actually do have v...
Article
Ectopic posterior pituitary
An ectopic posterior pituitary reflects a disruption of normal embryogenesis of the posterior pituitary and is one of the more common causes of pituitary dwarfism. Although it can be an isolated abnormality, numerous other congenital central nervous system malformations have been identified. Whe...
Article
Pharyngeal plexus
The pharyngeal plexus lies on the posterolateral wall of the pharynx, mainly over the middle pharyngeal constrictor and is the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate and acts to coordinate swallowing and speech 1-7.
Summary
location: within the extern...
Article
Superior petrosal vein
The superior petrosal vein, also known as Dandy’s vein or simply the petrosal vein, is the largest vein in the posterior cranial fossa, draining the anterior aspect of the cerebellum and brainstem into the superior petrosal sinus.
Gross anatomy
Each superior petrosal vein is usually formed by...
Article
Incisivus labii inferioris muscle
The incisivus labii inferioris muscle (TA: pars labialis musculi orbicularis oris) is one of the facial muscles. It acts as a supplementary muscle to the orbicularis oris muscle.
Terminology
The incisivus labii inferioris muscle is often omitted from major anatomical texts or articles on the f...
Article
Supra-acetabular fossa
A supra-acetabular fossa (plural: fossae), also known as pseudodefect of acetabular cartilage, is an anatomic variant whereby a focal defect is evident within the subchondral bone of the acetabular roof. It is seen in as many as 10% of hips and is typically located at the 12 o'clock position bot...
Article
Fissula ante fenestram
The fissula ante fenestram (plural: fissula ante fenestras) is a small connective tissue-filled cleft in the otic capsule of the temporal bone, not typically visible on CT. The area around the fissula ante fenestram is the usual origin of fenestral otosclerosis.
Gross anatomy
The fissula ante ...
Article
Paracondylar process
The paracondylar process, also known as the paraoccipital, paramastoid, parajugular or estiloid process, is a rare anatomical variant of the occipital where a bony exostosis extends caudally from the paracondylar region (lateral to the native occipital condyles), typically articulating with the ...
Article
Spiral glenohumeral ligament
The spiral glenohumeral ligament, also termed fasciculus obliquus, ligamentum glenohumerale spirale and spiral GHL, is a focal thickening of the glenohumeral joint capsule, akin to the other glenohumeral ligaments, yet it is not widely recognized 1.
Gross anatomy
The spiral glenohumeral ligam...
Article
Appendix
The appendix or vermiform appendix (plural: appendices) is a blind muscular tube arising from the cecum, the first part of the large bowel.
Gross anatomy
The appendix arises from the posteromedial surface of the cecum, approximately 2-3 cm inferior to the ileocecal valve, where the three longi...
Article
Bovine arch
Bovine arch is the most common variant of the aortic arch and occurs when the brachiocephalic (innominate) artery shares a common origin with the left common carotid artery.
Epidemiology
A bovine arch is present in ~15% (range 8-27%) of the population and is more common in individuals of Afri...
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