Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,887 results found
Article
Patellar height (overview)
Patella height is an important anatomical variation measured as the height of the patella compared to the knee joint line. A patella that sits too high is known as patella alta, and a patella that sits too low is known as patella baja.
The patella plays an important role in human ambulation, k...
Article
Field of view
Field of view in general corresponds to the area observed or measured out of the possible observable area in the physical world. A field of view will therefore be specified in spatial measurements e.g. millimeters.
In radiology, the acquisition or scanning field of view comes closest to this co...
Article
Mu-metal
Mu-metal is an alloy of primarily nickel and iron, with high magnetic permeability 1. It provides a low resistance pathway for external magnetic fields to flow, thereby 'shielding' the area housed within 1. It is therefore a useful component of the housing for medical imaging devices which requi...
Article
Mumford procedure
The Mumford procedure is the distal resection of the clavicle to relieve pain of a damaged acromioclavicular joint.
Indications
osteoarthritis (1) (3)
post-traumatic osteoarthritis, e.g. after distal clavicle fracture, ACJ injury
distal clavicle osteolysis (6)
acromial spurs
Procedure
The...
Article
V sign (midbrain)
The V sign is a radiological sign described in ischemic stroke in the territory of the artery of Percheron when affecting the midbrain.
The V sign describes refers to the hyperintensity seen on axial FLAIR and DWI MRI along the pial surface of the midbrain that forms the posterior wall of the i...
Article
Heart sign (disambiguation)
The heart is named in a number of radiological signs:
boot-shaped heart in plain radiography of tetralogy of Fallot 1
broken heart sign in CT of incudomalleolar disarticulation 2
earth-heart sign in plain chest radiography of tension pneumomediastinum 3
heart sign in MRI brain of bilateral m...
Article
Heart sign (medulla)
The heart sign, also known as the AirPod sign, is a radiological sign described in bilateral medial medullary ischemic stroke. Bilateral medial medullary stroke is a very rare location for stroke and can occur due to disease of the basilar artery, vertebral arteries, or anterior spinal artery 1,...
Article
Patellophyseal index
The patellophyseal (PP) index is an alternative technique to measure the patellar height on both x-ray and MRI as the physeal line can be seen on both imaging modalities 1.
Usage
The PP index is a variation on the patellotrochlear index that can be used on radiographs. It is an indirect measur...
Article
T1 hyperintense renal lesions
T1 hyperintense renal lesions are a group of lesions that show high signal characteristics on T1-weighted MRI compared to the adjacent normal renal parenchyma.
The differential diagnoses for this group include:
hemorrhagic and/or highly proteinaceous renal cyst
papillary renal cell carcinoma ...
Article
Pediatric calcific discopathy
Pediatric idiopathic intervertebral disc calcification is a rare condition affecting intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebral bodies, and musculo-ligamentous structures, typically resulting in local pain or sensorimotor disturbances. First described by Baron in 1924 1, the underlying etiology is...
Article
Angelman syndrome
Angelman syndrome refers to a genetic and neurodevelopmental condition principally affecting the central nervous system.
Epidemiology
The reported estimated incidence can variable ranging from around 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 12,000 live births. No definite gender predilection has been described.
C...
Article
Patellofemoral arthroplasty
Patellofemoral arthroplasties (PFA) are orthopedic procedures where the patella and femoral trochlear articular surface are replaced by prostheses 1. This differs from unicompartmental knee arthroplasties, which replace the medial or lateral articular surface of the knee 1. Globally, PFAs make u...
Article
Hemorrhagic stroke (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Hemorrhagic stroke is a clinical diagnosis where an acute neurological deficit follows a bleed into the brain parenchyma.
Reference article
This is a summary article; read more in our article on intracerebral hemorrhage.
...
Article
Augmentation cystoplasty
Augmentation cystoplasty is a surgical procedure utilized in adults to treat low-capacity, compliant, or refractory overactive bladder. Additionally, it is beneficial for pediatric patients needing reconstruction of the lower urinary tract following congenital urological abnormalities like bladd...
Article
High altitude illness
High altitude illness describes a group of syndromes which can occur due to rapid ascent to high altitudes (>2500 m) without sufficient acclimatisation.
Epidemiology
High altitude illness typically develops in hikers and mountain climbers with rapid high altitude ascension.
Clinical presentat...
Article
Fulminant myocarditis
Fulminant myocarditis refers to an acute, severe form of myocardial inflammation with rapid progression and hemodynamic compromise (low output syndrome or cardiogenic shock) requiring inotropic medications or mechanical circulatory support 1-6.
Epidemiology
Fulminant myocarditis is uncommon 1....
Article
Cortical superficial siderosis
Cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) refers to deposition of hemosiderin along the leptomeninges and subpial surfaces, localized to the cortical sulci, as a sequela of convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Terminology
Cortical superficial siderosis is a supratentorial pathology and should not be c...
Article
Image dataset harmonization
Image dataset harmonization is the process of changing groups of images acquired with different acquisition parameters and/or in different machines, or their derived values to be as if acquisition was similar. Differences in derived values for characteristics of radiological images in images fro...
Article
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles
The pharyngeal constrictor muscles are a group of involuntary muscles attached to the pharyngobasilar fascia that sequentially constrict the pharynx to propel food into the esophagus during swallowing.
Gross anatomy
The group comprises three circular muscles:
superior pharyngeal constrictor
...
Article
Pending review
Pending review is a special publication status that cases need to pass through when the contributing author has yet to accumulate a history of published cases that meet our publishing guidelines without requiring extensive editorial input.
A case that is pending review cannot be added to an ar...
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