Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
248 results found
Article
Cryoablation
Cryoablation refers to the use of thermal energy in the form of very low temperatures to achieve targeted destruction of tumor cells. It is an image-guided technique, currently widely employed in the management of renal 1, hepatic 2 and lung tumors 3.
Historically, a rudimental form of cryosurg...
Article
Cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection
Cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections (ILESIs) are used to inject steroids in the epidural space and around the exiting nerve roots and are one of the two main spinal epidural injections; the other is cervical transforaminal epidural injections.
Indications
Typically performed in ...
Article
Lumbar interlaminar epidural injection
Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections are one of some possible spinal epidural injections. For an alternative approach for the same region, please refer to the article on lumbar transforaminal epidural injections.
Indications
Typically, epidural injections are performed in patients with rad...
Article
Contraceptive implant migration
Contraceptive implant migration is a rare complication of etonogestrel implant insertion.
Clinical presentation
unable to palpate device in the upper arm
chest pain
dyspnea
non-productive cough
menorrhagia
irregular vaginal bleeding
Pathology
Contraceptive implants are m...
Article
Embolization agents
Embolization agents are materials and substances used during embolization procedures in order to block blood flow, stop and prevent bleeding, devascularize organs, or occlude pathways.
Temporary embolization agents
autologous blood clot 1
gel foam sponge or powder 2
starch microsphe...
Article
Renal artery pseudoaneurysm
Renal artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon vascular finding, with the majority occuring after a renal intervention.
Pathology
A renal artery pseudoaneurysm differs from a renal artery true aneurysm (as might occur in fibromuscular dysplasia) in that it does not involve all three layers of the a...
Article
Prostatic artery embolization
Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a minimally invasive procedure utilized to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Indications
PAE has been used for controlling prostatic hemorrhage (such as that associated prostate cancer) since 1970. However, its use in the treatment of lower urina...
Article
Renal cyst sclerotherapy
Renal cyst sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure performed to treat symptomatic simple renal cysts (i.e. Bosniak I) and is one of the primary methods to treat renal cysts along with surgical cyst de-roofing 1.
Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of the pr...
Article
Autologous blood clot - embolization agent
The autologous blood clot or patch is a temporary embolization agent adapted for large vessel occlusion procedures such as hemostatic embolizations but can also be used as a seal for a biopsy trajectory during lung and hepatic biopsies.
Advantages
biocompatible
inexpensive
simple, rapid, and...
Article
Pigtail catheter
The pigtail catheter is an angiographic flush catheter used in interventional vascular procedures, to achieve high-flow injection rates (15 to 20 ml/s)1 into large vessels, to obtain optimal aortograms, and/or phlebograms.
This article focuses only on angiographic catheters and the pigtail drai...
Article
Amplatz Super Stiff
The Amplatz Super Stiff, or Amplatz guidewire, is a widely utilized stiff rail wire. It possesses properties that enable excellent trackability, stable exchange, and effective deployment of heavy devices.
It was designed to succeed the Lundquist guidewire, the stiffest wire available in 19861....
Article
Kidney ultrasound
Kidney or renal ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that is widely used due to its safety, accessibility, and real-time capabilities.
Indications
Kidney ultrasound is commonly used in the evaluation and diagnosis of various renal disorders:
abdominal pain or flank pain
hemat...
Article
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, also known as percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD), is an interventional radiology procedure undertaken for those with biliary obstruction.
It is commonly undertaken as part of palliative biliary stent insertion. Rarely, it is used in...
Article
Liver biopsy (percutaneous)
Percutaneous liver biopsy, utilizing either ultrasound or CT guidance, allows for an accurate and reliable method of acquiring hepatic tissue for histopathological assessment. It is divided into two types:
non-focal or non-targeted liver biopsy (used in the assessment and staging of the parench...
Article
Adrenal glands ultrasound
Adrenal glands ultrasound, is an imaging method that can provide valuable information regarding their size, shape, and structure. As a result, it can aid in diagnosing various pathological conditions related to adrenal gland function.
Techniques
Several ultrasound techniques can be employed to...
Article
Intra-aortic balloon pump
Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) are used in the intensive care setting to provide hemodynamic assistance to patients in cardiogenic shock.
Function and physiology
The device is comprised of a catheter introduced via a femoral artery sheath, which extends retrogradely to the proximal descendi...
Article
Retroaortic left renal vein
Retroaortic left renal vein (RLRV) is a normal anatomical variant where the left renal vein is located between the aorta and the vertebra and drains into the inferior vena cava.
Its recognition is important in order to avoid complications during retroperitoneal surgery or interventional procedu...
Article
Splenic ultrasound
Splenic ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging method that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize and assess the size, shape, structure, and potential abnormalities of the spleen.
Indication
trauma: splenic injuries resulting from accidents, sports injuries, or any other form of...
Article
Rail guidewires
Rail guidewires, also known as working wires, are interventional procedures wires used during the last steps of interventions and have ideal properties for equipment exchange (e.g. angioplasty balloons, stents). They are inserted in the catheter after reaching the target destination and after re...
Article
Percutaneous nephrostomy
Percutaneous nephrostomy is a form of nephrostomy in which percutaneous access to the kidney is achieved under radiological guidance. The access is then often maintained with the use of an indwelling catheter.
Indications
Percutaneous nephrostomy is usually reserved for when retrograde approac...
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