Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
704 results found
Article
Anterior choroidal artery syndrome
Anterior choroidal artery syndrome is a rare entity caused by cerebral infarction in the anterior choroidal artery territory.
Clinical presentation
In its complete form, the syndrome is characterized by the triad of 7:
contralateral hemiplegia
contralateral hemisensory loss
contralateral ho...
Article
Anti-synthetase syndrome
Anti-synthetase syndrome is a systemic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that is characterized by inflammatory myositis, polyarthritis associated with interstitial lung disease, and anti-synthetase autoantibodies.
Pathology
Anti-synthetase syndrome can result from autoantibodies to eight of th...
Article
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome, also known as bilateral anterior opercular syndrome or anterior operculum syndrome, is a cortical form of pseudobulbar palsy classically caused by bilateral anterior opercular lesions.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation is of pseudobulbar palsy that is...
Article
Susac syndrome
Susac syndrome, also known as retinocochleocerebral vasculopathy or SICRET syndrome (small infarctions of cochlear, retinal and encephalic tissue), is a rare syndrome typically affecting young to middle-aged women that is clinically characterized by the triad of acute or subacute encephalopathy,...
Article
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly where affected individuals can have profound cyanosis and cardiac failure.
It is one of the most common causes for a neonate to present with congestive cardiac failure and the 4th most frequent cardiac anomaly to ma...
Article
McCune-Albright syndrome
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) (also known as McCune-Albright-Sternberg syndrome) is a genetic disorder characterized by the triad:
endocrinopathy: precocious puberty
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: more severe than in sporadic cases
cutaneous pigmentation: coast of Maine 'café au lait' spots
...
Article
Parinaud syndrome
Parinaud syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome, is a supranuclear vertical gaze disturbance caused by pathology of the dorsal midbrain region, often, but not exclusively, via compression of the superior tectal plate.
Clinical presentation
Parinaud syndrome is characterized by a clas...
Article
Collet-Sicard syndrome
Collet-Sicard syndrome, also known as condylar jugular syndrome, is a constellation of cranial nerve palsies due to neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions at the jugular foramen 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Vernet syndrome, consisting of motor paralysis of
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
vagus ne...
Article
Hutchinson syndrome
Hutchinson syndrome is a seldom-used term to denote a syndromic presentation of children with craniocerebral neuroblastoma metastases.
Terminology
Unfortunately, there is a lack of consensus in the definition with two descriptions most commonly encountered in the literature:
limping and irrit...
Article
Distal intersection syndrome
The distal intersection syndrome relates to tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon (3rd extensor compartment), where it crosses the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB) tendons (2nd extensor compartment) 1. It is distinct from intersection syndrome which oc...
Article
DICER1 syndrome
DICER1 syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder predisposing individuals to the development of multiple tumor types.
Epidemiology
DICER1 syndrome most commonly manifests in children, adolescents and young adults 8.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation will depend on the pa...
Article
Broca aphasia
Broca aphasia, also known as expressive aphasia or motor aphasia, is a type of non-fluent aphasia thought to be caused by injury (e.g. stroke) to Broca's area and the surrounding frontal fields 1,2, although there is controversy regarding the exact localization that leads to Broca aphasia 3.
Cl...
Article
Horner syndrome
Horner syndrome classically presents as an ipsilateral enophthalmos, blepharoptosis, pupillary miosis and facial anhidrosis due to disruption at some point of the oculosympathetic pathway.
Ptosis is due to interruption of the sympathetic motor innervation of the superior tarsal muscle which is ...
Article
Medial medullary syndrome
Medial medullary syndrome, also known as Déjerine syndrome, is secondary to thrombotic or embolic occlusion of small perforating branches from vertebral or proximal basilar artery supplying the medial aspect of medulla oblongata1,2.
Epidemiology
Represents less than 1% of brainstem stroke syn...
Article
Lacunar stroke syndrome
Lacunar stroke syndrome is a description of the clinical syndrome that results from a lacunar infarct.
Each of the five classical lacunar syndromes has a relatively distinct symptom complex. Symptoms may occur suddenly, progressively, or in a fluctuating manner (e.g. the capsular warning syndr...
Article
Angelman syndrome
Angelman syndrome refers to a genetic and neurodevelopmental condition principally affecting the central nervous system.
Epidemiology
The reported estimated incidence can variable ranging from around 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 12,000 live births. No definite gender predilection has been described.
C...
Article
Prader-Willi syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is the most common cause of obesity caused by a genetic syndrome.
Clinical presentation
Prader-Willi syndrome is primarily characterized by:
neonatal hypotonia
sexual infancy: hypogonadism
obesity
morbid obesity resulting from hyperphagi...
Article
Acrocephalosyndactyly
Acrocephalosyndactyly syndromes (ACS) are a rare group of disorders collectively characterized by:
calvarial anomalies, e.g. craniosynostoses
digital anomalies, e.g. syndactyly
Pathology
While there can be some overlap in features, they can be primarily classified into the following major su...
Article
Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of cardiac diagnoses along a spectrum of severity due to the interruption of coronary blood flow to the myocardium, which in decreasing severity are:
ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
unstable an...
Article
Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome)
Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome) is a rare complication of chronic alcohol use that can present with seizures and a variety of neurological deficits.
Epidemiology
SESA syndrome is rare and seen in alcoholics who are not undergoing withdrawal 1-3.
Clinical ...
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