Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
801 results found
Article
Tuberous sclerosis (diagnostic criteria)
The tuberous sclerosis diagnostic criteria have been developed to aid the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis and have been updated in 2012 by the International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group (at time of writing - 2019) 1.
Diagnosis
Genetic criteria
The identification of either a TSC...
Article
Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a generic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and antiplatelet agent. It is one of the most-widely if not the most commonly used drug in the world and is listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines 1-4. It is used as an over-the-coun...
Article
Myocarditis
Myocarditis (rare plural: myocarditides) is a general term referring to inflammation of the myocardium.
Diagnosis
Endomyocardial biopsy is considered the gold standard of diagnosis, although it is subject to sampling error and there is a risk of perforation or tamponade. It is graded according...
Article
Gardner-Silengo-Wachtel syndrome
Gardner-Silengo-Wachtel syndrome, also known as genito-palato-cardiac syndrome, is a rare male (46XY) gonadal dysgenesis condition that is assumed to be either an X-linked recessive or an autosomal recessive disorder 1.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is at <1 in 1,000,000 live births.
P...
Article
Atrium (disambiguation)
Atrium (plural: atria) is a general term that refers to an anatomic cavity in an organ.
Atria are located in the:
heart:
right atrium
left atrium
brain:
atrium of the lateral ventricle
History and etymology
Atrium is the Latin word for the entrance or meeting room of a Roman house.
Article
Ventricle (disambiguation)
Ventricle (plural: ventricles) is a general term that refers to an anatomic cavity within an organ.
Ventricles are located in the:
brain:
lateral ventricles
third ventricle
fourth ventricle
heart:
right ventricle
left ventricle
larynx:
laryngeal ventricle (not to be confused with the v...
Article
Duke criteria for infective endocarditis
The Duke criteria are a set of clinical criteria set forward for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.
For diagnosis of definite infective endocarditis by clinical criteria the requirement is 4:
2 major criteria or
1 major and 3 minor criteria or
5 minor criteria
For diagnosis of possib...
Article
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis or immune checkpoint-induced myocarditis is a form of immune-mediated myocarditis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Epidemiology
Although myocarditis can occur with immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy it is more common w...
Article
Right coronary artery
The right coronary artery (RCA) is one of the two main coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The right coronary artery arises from its ostium in the right sinus of Valsalva, found between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction.
Co...
Article
Heart transplantation
Heart transplantation is a major surgical procedure for acute or chronic end-stage heart disease in which the failing heart is replaced with a healthier donor heart. It requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach and radiology plays a major role in the evaluation of patients before and a...
Article
Sudden cardiac death
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a term used for an unexpected, non-traumatic fatal event in an otherwise healthy subject.
Epidemiology
Sudden cardiac death is estimated to account for about 50% of all cardiac deaths with first-time events making up more than 25% 1. The incidence ranges between 0...
Article
Giant cell myocarditis
Giant cell myocarditis is a variant of myocarditis often with a fulminant or rapidly progressing course and a poor prognosis 1-5.
Epidemiology
Giant cell myocarditis accounts for approximately ~0.5% of all myocarditis cases, but approximately 10% of those with a fulminant course 2,3. Women and...
Article
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) refers to inflammation of the myocardium in association with cardiac dysfunction and cardiac remodeling and includes different etiological subtypes 1-4. A persistent or chronic inflammatory process is referred to as chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy 1-5.
Diag...
Article
Fat suppressed imaging
Fat suppression is commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging to suppress the signal from adipose tissue or detect adipose tissue 1. It can be applied to both T1 and T2 weighted sequences.
Due to short relaxation times, fat has a high signal on MRI. This high, easily recognized ...
Article
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation or replacement (TAVI/TAVR) is a technique to replace the aortic valve through a transvascular or transapical approach. Compared to traditional open aortic valve replacement with sternotomy and a heart-lung bypass machine, the TAVI technique is less invasiv...
Article
Circumflex artery
The circumflex artery (Cx) is one of the two major coronary arteries that arise from the bifurcation of the left main coronary artery (the other branch being the left anterior descending (LAD) artery).
Terminology
The circumflex artery can be referred to by multiple terms:
circumflex artery (...
Article
Crux cordis
The crux cordis, cardiac crux or crux of the heart is an anatomical landmark and refers to the cross-shaped appearance of the posterior view or diaphragmatic surface of the heart 1-3.
Gross anatomy
The crux cordis is formed by the connection of the right and left atrioventricular groove and th...
Article
Inferior pyramidal space of the heart
The inferior pyramidal space of the heart is an area filled with epicardial adipose tissue at the backside or diaphragmatic side of the heart immediately beneath the crux cordis.
Gross anatomy
The inferior pyramidal space is a pyramid-shaped fibrofatty structure between the two septal atrial w...
Article
Atrioventricular septum
The atrioventricular (AV) septum or septal atrioventricular junction forms a central part of the heart, where the interatrial and interventricular septum crosses the atrioventricular annular plane and join with the septal tricuspid and anterior mitral leaflet attachments.
Terminology
On a four...
Article
Sinus of Valsalva
The sinuses of Valsalva, also known as aortic sinuses, are the anatomic spaces at the aortic root bounded internally by the aortic valve leaflets and externally by outward bulges of the aortic wall.
The normal sinus diameter upper limit is usually taken as 40 mm (with some publications suggesti...
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