Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,983 results found
Article
Neonatal pneumothorax
Neonatal pneumothorax describes pneumothoraces occurring in neonates. It is a life-threatening condition, associated with high morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis is a challenge especially when the amount of air is small and may accumulate along the anterior or medial pleural space.
Epidemio...
Article
Chest (lateral decubitus view)
The lateral decubitus view of the chest is a specialized projection that is now rarely used due to the ubiquity of CT. It is chiefly used in the pediatric population.
Indication
Undertaken to demonstrate small pleural effusions, or for the investigation of pneumothorax and air trapping due to...
Article
Spinnaker sign (mediastinum)
The spinnaker sign (also known as the angel wing sign) is a sign of pneumomediastinum seen on neonatal chest radiographs. It refers to the thymus being outlined by air with each lobe displaced laterally and appearing like spinnaker sails. This is distinct from the sail sign appearance of the nor...
Article
Mitral annular calcification
Mitral annular calcification refers to the deposition of calcium (along with lipid) in the annular fibrosa of the mitral valve.
Epidemiology
Annular calcification is seen in up to 35% of elderly patients. It is common in females over 65 years, in those with myxomatous degeneration of the mitra...
Article
Dengue fever
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne acute systemic viral infection caused by any of the four serotypes of the dengue virus.
Epidemiology
Dengue virus infections occur predominately in tropical and subtropical regions 3.
Clinical presentation
The infection can lead to a broad spectrum of sympto...
Article
Retro-aortic left brachiocephalic vein
The retro-aortic left brachiocephalic vein is a rare vascular variant where the left brachiocephalic vein passes more inferiorly through the superior mediastinum, coursing inferior to the aortic arch and posterior to the ascending aorta to join the right brachiocepahilc vein forming the superior...
Article
Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease
Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GL-ILD) describes non-infectious diffuse lung disease complications that have been reported to traditionally develop in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).
Epidemiology
Associations
Although it is almost always associated...
Article
Tumor spread through air spaces
Tumor spread through air spaces (STAS) is a pattern of invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. According to the 2015 WHO classification, tumor spread through air spaces is defined as “micropapillary clusters, solid nests, or single cells spreading within air spaces beyond the edge of the main tumor” 2,...
Article
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) are multicystic masses of segmental lung tissue with abnormal bronchial proliferation. CPAMs are considered part of the spectrum of bronchopulmonary foregut malformations.
Terminology
Until recently, they were described as congenital cystic aden...
Article
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is an eosinophilic lung disease which can mimic community-acquired pneumonia or present with acute lung injury 10:
Epidemiology
The true incidence is unknown due to under-diagnosis and under-reporting. Studies of military personnel indicate approximately 10 per 100...
Article
Aortic intramural hematoma
Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is an atypical form of aortic dissection due to a contained hemorrhage into the aortic wall usually from the vasa vasorum without an intimal tear. It forms part of the acute aortic syndrome spectrum along with penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer and classical aorti...
Article
PET-CT indications
PET-CT is a combination of cross-sectional anatomic information provided by CT and the metabolic information provided by positron emission tomography (PET).
PET is most commonly performed with 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Fluorine-18 (F-18) is an unstable radioisotope and has a half-...
Article
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare vascular anomalies of the lung, in which abnormally dilated vessels provide a pulmonary artery-to-pulmonary vein right-to-left shunt. They are generally considered direct high flow, low-resistance fistulous connections between the pulmonary ...
Article
Tertiary esophageal contractions
Tertiary esophageal contractions are non-propulsive contractions of the esophagus which are seen as uncoordinated contractions of the distal esophageal wall. Isolated tertiary esophageal waves of the non-repetitive type are thought to occur in normal subjects. Swallowing-induced repetitive terti...
Article
Silicosis
Silicosis (plural: silicoses) is a fibrotic pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of fine particles of crystalline silicon dioxide (silica). Certain occupations such as mining, quarrying, denim sandblasting 9 and tunneling are associated with silicosis.
Terminology
The disease occurs in two ...
Article
Dysphagia
Dysphagia refers to subjective awareness of difficulty or obstruction during swallowing. It is a relatively common and increasingly prevalent clinical problem. Odynophagia is the term for painful swallowing.
Fluoroscopy is the mainstay of imaging assessment but manometry can help evaluate the e...
Article
Viscera
The viscera (singular: viscus) refers to all the internal organs within the major cavities of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis. Therefore it does not include organs of the CNS, head and neck or musculoskeletal compartments nor does it encompass non-internal organs (e.g. the skin) 1.
Splanchnology...
Article
Labeled imaging anatomy cases
This article lists a series of labeled imaging anatomy cases by body region and modality.
Brain
CT head: non-contrast axial
CT head: non-contrast coronal
CT head: non-contrast sagittal
CT head: non-contrast axial with clinical questions
CT head: angiogram axial
CT head: angiogram coronal
...
Article
Right middle lobe collapse
Right middle lobe collapse (or simply termed middle lobe collapse) has distinctive features, but can be subtle on frontal chest radiographs.
For a general discussion please refer to the article on lobar collapse.
It is important to note that of all the lobes, the right middle lobe is the mo...
Article
Vertebral arteria lusoria
Vertebral arteria lusoria is an extremely rare anatomical variant of the aortic arch, whereby the right vertebral artery arises from the aorta distal to the left subclavian artery 1. The aberrant right vertebral artery has a retro-esophageal and retrotracheal course before entering a cervical tr...
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