Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
4,271 results found
Article
Acromioclavicular joint injury
Acromioclavicular joint injuries, commonly shortened to ACJ injuries, are characterized by damage to the acromioclavicular joint and surrounding structures. Almost invariably traumatic in etiology, they range in severity from a mild sprain to complete disruption.
Epidemiology
Acromioclavicular...
Article
Bone marrow edema
Bone marrow edema is the term given to abnormal fluid signals seen within the bone marrow on MRI. It is a non-specific yet important imaging finding, usually indicating the presence of underlying pathology.
Terminology
The term edema was coined on MRI as the signal in abnormal bone marrow is s...
Article
Chondrocalcinosis
Chondrocalcinosis (plural: chondrocalcinoses) is a descriptive term indicating the presence of gross calcium deposition within articular cartilage, i.e. both hyaline and fibrocartilage.
Terminology
Chondrocalcinosis articularis was an early term for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition d...
Article
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease, also known as pyrophosphate arthropathy or pseudogout, is defined by the co-occurrence of arthritis with evidence of CPPD deposition within the articular cartilage.
Terminology
The terminology regarding CPPD disease has been confusing...
Article
Posterior cruciate ligament tear
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears are less common than anterior cruciate ligament tears.
Epidemiology
Posterior cruciate ligament tears account for ~10% (range 2-23%) of all knee injuries 2.
Associations
Posterior cruciate ligament injuries are isolated in only 30% of cases and are t...
Article
Tibial plateau
The tibial plateau (pl: plateaus/plateaux 4) is the superior surface of the tibia, consisting of medial and lateral articular facets and the intercondylar area 5,6.
Terminology
Describing the "medial" or "lateral" tibial plateau is appropriate when used as an adjective but not as a noun, as th...
Article
Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome, also known as 45XO or 45X, is the most common of the sex chromosome abnormalities in females.
Epidemiology
The incidence is estimated at 1:2000-5000 of live births, although the in utero rate is much higher (1-2% of conceptions) due to a significant proportion of affected fet...
Article
Aggressive vertebral hemangioma
Aggressive vertebral hemangiomata are a rare form of vertebral hemangiomata where significant vertebral expansion, extra-osseous component with epidural extension, disturbance of blood flow, and occasionally compression fractures can be present causing spinal cord and/or nerve root compression 1...
Article
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is ubiquitous throughout the skeleton, primarily composed of hematopoietic cells and fat cells between bony trabeculae and fibrous retinacula. It performs numerous physiological functions and dynamically changes during normal aging and in response to stressors and pathology. Although...
Article
Cyamella
A cyamella is a rare sesamoid bone that exists as a normal variant within the popliteus tendon, characteristically located at the lateral aspect of the distal femur in the popliteal groove.
Cyamella is best seen on the AP view of plain radiograph as opposed to the fabella, which is located in t...
Article
Tibia
The tibia (plural: tibiae) is the largest bone of the leg and contributes to the knee and ankle joints. (shin- or shank-bone are lay terms). It is medial to and much stronger than the fibula, exceeded in length only by the femur.
Gross anatomy
Osteology
The superior tibial surface, known as t...
Article
Tibiofemoral joint
The tibiofemoral joint is a modified hinge synovial joint between the distal femur and the proximal tibia, and forms part of the knee joint.
Summary
articulation: modified hinge joint between the medial and lateral femoral condyles and the medial and lateral facets of the tibial condyles 2
jo...
Article
Genant classification of vertebral fractures
The Genant classification of vertebral fractures is based on the vertebral shape, with respect to vertebral height loss involving the anterior, posterior, and/or middle vertebral body as seen on lateral radiographs of the thoracic or lumbar spine 1.
Usage
The Genant classification has been use...
Article
Annulus fibrosus
The annulus fibrosus (plural: annuli fibrosi) surrounds the nucleus pulposus and together they form the intervertebral disc.
Gross anatomy
The annulus comprises 15 to 20 collagenous (type I) laminae which run obliquely from the edge of one vertebra down to the edge of the vertebra below. The d...
Article
Magnetically controlled growing rods
The method of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) was introduced to avoid the morbidity of recurrent lengthening procedures, which are the basis of the treatment in traditional growing rods.
Procedure
As with traditional growing rods, they use spinal anchors (pedicle screws and hooks)....
Article
Camptocormia
Camptocormia, also known as bent spine syndrome or cyphose hystérique, is a rare syndrome characterized by involuntary flexion of the thoracolumbar spine with weight-bearing which reduces when lying down, and is due to isolated atrophy of the paraspinal muscles.
Epidemiology
In a small case se...
Article
Line of Klein
The line of Klein describes an arbitrary line drawn along the superior edge of the femoral neck on the frontal projection, which is useful in detecting early slipped upper femoral epiphysis in adolescents.
The line should normally intersect the lateral aspect of the superior femoral epiphysis. ...
Article
Epidermal inclusion cyst
Epidermal inclusion cysts or epidermal cysts are common cutaneous lesions that represent proliferation of squamous epithelium within a confined space in the dermis or subdermis.
Terminology
These are occasionally termed sebaceous cysts, although this is a misnomer as the lesion does not origin...
Article
Bochdalek hernia
Bochdalek hernias , also known as pleuroperitoneal hernias, (alternative plural: herniae) are the commonest type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. They occur posteriorly and are due to a defect in the posterior attachment of the diaphragm when there is a failure of pleuroperitoneal membrane cl...
Article
Glomangioma
Glomangiomas, also known as glomus tumors, are benign vascular tumors typically seen at the distal extremities. On imaging, they characteristically present as small hypervascular nodules under the fingernail.
Terminology
These tumors should not be confused with paragangliomas, which were form...
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