Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
803 results found
Article
Rastelli procedure
The Rastelli procedure is a surgical procedure to correct certain combinations of cardiovascular defects in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Rationale
The operation is based on a redirection of ventricular outflows using an intracardiac baffle that tunnels the left ventricle to...
Article
Non-compaction of the left ventricle
Non-compaction of the left ventricle, also known as spongiform cardiomyopathy or left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a phenotype of hypertrophic ventricular trabeculations and deep interventricular recesses. It has been hypothesized to result from the arrest of normal myocardial compaction...
Article
Ventricular assist device
Ventricular assist devices (VAD) are a mechanical circulatory support device, which is providing an effective therapy for a significant number of patients with advanced heart failure. There are mostly left VADs, although right VADs are also implanted.
Device elements
inflow cannulas
electri...
Article
Vulnerable plaque
Vulnerable or high-risk plaque refers to coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions with features associated with future acute coronary events, independent of luminal stenosis.
Clinical presentation
The relevant clinical sequelae of vulnerable plaque are acute coronary syndromes, which present as...
Article
Cardiac conduction devices
Implantable cardiac conduction devices (also known as cardiac implantable electronic devices or CIEDs) are a very common medical device of the thorax, with over one million implanted in the United States of America alone.
There are two major types of cardiac conduction devices: pacemakers and a...
Article
Stanford classification of aortic dissection
The Stanford classification, along with the DeBakey classification, is used to separate aortic dissections into those that need surgical repair, and those that usually require only medical management 7.
Both the Stanford and DeBakey systems can be used to describe all forms of an acute aortic s...
Article
Myocardial mapping
Myocardial mapping or parametric mapping of the heart is one of various magnetic resonance imaging techniques, which has evolved and been increasingly used in the last decade for non-invasive tissue characterization of the myocardium 1-5. Unlike normal T1-, T2- or T2*- images, parametric mapping...
Article
Passive hepatic congestion
Passive hepatic congestion, also known as congested liver in cardiac disease, describes the stasis of blood in the hepatic parenchyma, due to impaired hepatic venous drainage, which leads to the dilation of central hepatic veins and hepatomegaly.
Passive hepatic congestion is a well-studied re...
Article
Uremic pericarditis
Uremic pericarditis is form of pericarditis that may occur in patients with a high blood urea nitrogen level.
Epidemiology
Uremic pericarditis was more common in the pre-dialysis era but now is occasionally encountered when there is an inadequate removal of uremic toxins.
Radiographic feature...
Article
Tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis (TS), also known as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or Bourneville disease, is a phakomatosis (neurocutaneous disorder) characterized by the development of multiple benign tumors of the embryonic ectoderm (e.g. skin, eyes, and nervous system).
Epidemiology
Tuberous sclerosi...
Article
Napkin ring sign (disambiguation)
The napkin ring sign may refer to either of the following imaging findings:
napkin ring sign (colon): colonic stenosis such as due to colon cancer
napkin ring sign (coronary): coronary artery vulnerable plaque
A clinical napkin ring sign of myotonia (e.g. in myotonic dystrophy) also exists, w...
Article
Heart
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ of the middle mediastinum, designed to pump oxygenated blood around the systemic circulation and deoxygenated blood around the pulmonary circulation.
Gross anatomy
The heart has a somewhat pyramidal form and is enclosed by the pericardium. Its base (roughl...
Article
Coronary arteries
The coronary arteries arise from the aortic sinuses immediately distal (superior) to the aortic valve and supply the myocardium of the heart with oxygenated blood. The arteries branch to encircle the heart covering its surface with a lacy network, perhaps resembling a slightly crooked crown.
Gr...
Article
Normal chest imaging examples
This article lists examples of normal imaging of the chest and surrounding structures, divided by modality.
Plain radiographs
Adult examples
chest radiograph
PA adult male
example 1
example 2: with inverted windows
example 3
PA adult female
example 1
example 2
example 3: with labels
...
Article
Quadricuspid aortic valve
Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare cardiac valvular anomaly where the aortic valve has four cusps, instead of the usual three.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence on necropsy at ~1 in 8,000. While the incidence of QAV on 2D echocardiography has been reported to range between 0.01-0.04%...
Article
Acute abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain is a common acute presentation in clinical practice. It encompasses a very broad range of possible etiologies and diagnoses, and imaging is routinely employed as the primary investigative tool in its modern management.
Terminology
A subgroup of patients with acute abdomina...
Article
Posterior superior aortic recess
The posterior superior aortic recess, also known as the superior pericardial recess or the superior sinus, is one of the variable invaginations of the superior aortic recess and is located posterior to the ascending aorta. It may mimic mediastinal lymphadenopathy or a bronchogenic cyst.
Article
Posterior pericardial recess
The posterior pericardial recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium. It arises from the superior margin of the oblique pericardial sinus, posterior to the right pulmonary artery and medial to the bronchus intermedius.
Clinical significance
It may mi...
Article
Left pulmonary venous recess
The left pulmonary venous recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium. It arises from the pericardial cavity proper located between the left superior and inferior pulmonary veins, posterior to the left atrium. It invaginates towards the oblique pericard...
Article
Right pulmonary venous recess
The right pulmonary venous recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium. It arises from the pericardial cavity proper located between the right superior and inferior pulmonary veins, posterior to the left atrium. It invaginates towards the oblique perica...
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