Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,466 results found
Article
Diaphragmatic rupture
Diaphragmatic rupture often results from blunt abdominal trauma. The mechanism of injury is typically a motor-vehicle collision.
Epidemiology
Given that the most common mechanism is motor vehicle collisions, it is perhaps unsurprising that young men are most frequently affected. The estimated ...
Article
AIDS-defining illness
AIDS-defining illnesses are conditions that in the setting of a HIV infection confirm the diagnosis of AIDS and do not commonly occur in immunocompetent individuals 2. According to the CDC surveillance case definition 1, they are:
Infectious
bacterial infections: multiple or recurrent
candidi...
Article
Obturator sign
Obturator sign is a clinical sign of acute appendicitis, it is defined as discomfort felt by the subject/patient on the slow internal movement of the hip joint, while the right knee is flexed. It indicates an inflamed pelvic appendix that is in contact with the obturator internus muscle 1-3.
Se...
Article
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a heterogeneous group of vascular lesions characterized by idiopathic, non-inflammatory, and non-atherosclerotic angiopathy of small and medium-sized arteries.
Epidemiology
The prevalence is unknown 7. It is most common in young women with a female to male rati...
Article
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy, clinically indistinguishable from the more common pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Their defining pathological and imaging characteristics are the frequent presence of central necrosis and vascular invasion.
Termi...
Article
Left gastroepiploic artery
The left gastroepiploic artery (LGA) is one of the branches of the splenic artery.
Gross anatomy
Course
The left gastroepiploic artery most commonly arises from the splenic artery, and runs within the gastrosplenic ligament. It then runs within the two layers of the greater omentum to the rig...
Article
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of gastroduodenal artery that supplies the duodenum and pancreas.
Gross anatomy
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery arises after branching off from gastroduodenal artery. It divides into anterior and posterior divisions which supply the pylor...
Article
Gastric metastases
Gastric metastases are rare, found in less than 2% of patients who die of a carcinoma 6.
Epidemiology
Usually affects the middle-aged and elderly population. Affects males and females equally without predilection.
Clinical presentation
The patient may be asymptomatic, but the most common sig...
Article
Steelpan sign (sigmoid volvulus)
The steelpan sign refers to the close resemblance of sigmoid volvulus on CT to the percussion instrument known as the steelpan. The steelpan, also known as steel drum or pan, is a Caribbean musical instrument invented in Trinidad and Tobago by the mid-1930s, which became very popular in Trinidad...
Article
McBurney point
McBurney point is defined as a point that lies one-third of the distance laterally on a line drawn from the umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine. Classically, it corresponds to the location of the base of the appendix 1.
Clinically, McBurney point is relevant for the elicitation...
Article
Gastrointestinal fistulation
A gastrointestinal fistula (plural: fistulae or fistulas) is an abnormal connection or fistula, between the gut and another epithelial-/endothelial-lined surface, such as another organ system, the skin surface, or elsewhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Some authors exclude fistulas involvin...
Article
Rectus sheath hernia
Rectus sheath hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a very seldom seen form of herniation through the anterior abdominal wall. Herniation of intra-abdominal contents (mesenteric fat +/- bowel), is usually through the posterior rectus sheath only and thus these are often termed posterior rect...
Article
Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstructions are common and account for 20% of admissions with "surgical abdomens". Radiology is important in confirming the diagnosis and identifying the underlying cause.
Bowel obstructions are usually divided according to where the obstruction occurs, and since imaging appearances, und...
Article
Right subphrenic space
The right subphrenic space (a.k.a. right anterior space, right subdiaphragmatic space) is a potential space that lies between the right lobe of the liver and the inferior surface of the diaphragm.
Gross anatomy
The space is a subcompartment of the supracolic compartment. It reaches as far as t...
Article
Serrated polyposis syndrome
Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS), also called hyperplastic polyposis syndrome, is one of numerous polyposis syndromes and is characterized by the presence of multiple serrated polyps or a mixture of serrated and hyperplastic polyps, with the exact number required for diagnosis dependent on loca...
Article
Colonic esophageal interposition
Colonic esophageal interposition is a rarely performed upper gastrointestinal tract surgical procedure, in which colon is used to replace the distal esophagus. The transverse colon with all or part of the ascending colon is the substitute of choice.
This has been performed for long esophageal ...
Article
Teardrop sign (superior mesenteric vein)
The teardrop sign of the superior mesenteric vein is one of the important signs in the local staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Its importance lies in its diagnostic, as well as prognostic, significance. This sign is used in assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer.
Radiographic feat...
Article
Esophagus
The esophagus (plural: esophagi or esophaguses) is a muscular tube that conveys food and fluids from the pharynx to the stomach. It forms part of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Gross anatomy
The esophagus is 23-37 cm long with a diameter of 1-2 cm and is divided into three parts:
cervical:...
Article
Malignant vs benign gastric ulcer (barium)
Barium meal has been frequently used to differentiate malignant and benign gastric ulcers:
Features suggesting benign gastric ulcer
outpouching of ulcer crater beyond the gastric contour (exoluminal)
smooth rounded and deep ulcer crater
smooth ulcer mound
smooth gastric folds that reach the...
Article
Pseudokidney sign (colonic carcinoma)
The pseudokidney sign is a non-specific sonographic sign that describes the reniform shape of a mass with a hypoechoic region (representing bowel wall thickening) surrounding a central hyperechoic portion or echogenic stripe (which represents the apposition of the mucosal surfaces) 1,2.
It can...
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