Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,983 results found
Article
Bronchial cut-off sign
The bronchial cut-off sign refers to the abrupt truncation of a bronchus from obstruction, which may be due to cancer, mucus plugging, trauma or foreign bodies. Typically, there is associated distal lobar collapse.
Article
Internal intercostal muscle
The internal intercostal muscles are important muscles of respiration. They number eleven on each side and are located in the intercostal spaces, reducing the transverse dimension of the thoracic cavity during expiration.
Gross anatomy
The internal intercostal muscles are the middle muscle of ...
Article
External intercostal muscle
The external (or outermost) intercostal muscles are important muscles of respiration. They number eleven on each side and are located in the intercostal space, expanding the transverse dimension of the thoracic cavity during inspiration.
Gross anatomy
The external intercostal muscles are the o...
Article
Parenchymal lung disease
Parenchymal lung diseases can broadly be divided into those that create an abnormal increase in density on a chest radiograph and those that cause increased lucency.
The attenuation of any tissue on a radiograph is related to its density and in the lung, this is determined by the ratio of gas ...
Article
NEXUS Chest
NEXUS Chest is a clinical decision rule that supports the appropriate use of thoracic imaging in trauma. There are seven criteria 1,2:
>60 years old
rapid deceleration defined as fall > 6 meters or motor vehicle crash >64 km/hour
chest pain
intoxication
abnormal alertness or mental status
...
Article
Right lower lobe posterior segment
The right lower lobe posterior or posterior basal segment is one of the five bronchopulmonary segments of the right lower lobe. It is the most inferoposterior of the segments in the right lower lobe, below the superior segment.
Related pathology
Due to its low and posterior position, pathology...
Article
Right lower lobe lateral segment
The right lower lobe lateral or lateral basal segment is one of the five bronchopulmonary segments of the right lower lobe. It is the most inferolateral of the segments in the right lower lobe, below the superior segment.
Article
Right lower lobe medial segment
The right lower lobe medial or medial basal segment is one of the five bronchopulmonary segments of the right lower lobe. It is the most inferomedial of the segments in the right lower lobe.
Together with the anterior segment, it is analogous to the left lower lobe anteromedial segment.
Article
Right lower lobe anterior segment
The right lower lobe anterior or anterior basal segment is one of the five bronchopulmonary segments of the right lower lobe. It is the most inferoanterior of the segments in the right lower lobe.
Together with the medial segment, it is analogous to the left lower lobe anteromedial segment.
Article
Right middle lobe medial segment
The right middle lobe medial segment is one of the two bronchopulmonary segments of the right middle lobe. It is the most medial of the segments in the right middle lobe which abuts the right heart border.
Article
Left upper lobe anterior segment
The left upper lobe anterior segment is one of the four bronchopulmonary segments of the left upper lobe. It is the most anterior of the segments in the left upper lobe lying below and anterior to the apicoposterior segment and above the oblique fissure.
Article
Left upper lobe apicoposterior segment
The left upper lobe apicoposterior segment is one of the bronchopulmonary segments of the left upper lobe. As its name suggests, it is the most apical and posterior of the segments within the left upper lobe and is supplied by the left apicoposterior segmental bronchus.
It is the equivalent seg...
Article
Primary pulmonary angiosarcoma
Primary pulmonary angiosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor that can involve the lung. It is considered the rarer form of angiosarcoma involving the lung.
Pathology
Like other angiosarcomas, they are derived from vascular endothelial cells.
Treatment and prognosis
Varying managements options h...
Article
AIDS-related pulmonary lymphoma
AIDS-related pulmonary lymphoma (ARPL) is classified as a distinct form of pulmonary lymphoma. Pulmonary involvement is a common extranodal site in AIDS-related NHL.
Pathology
ARPL is typically a high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the majority of patients have advanced HIV infection,...
Article
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) is a fibrosing lung disease that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the alveoli and interstitium of the lungs, favoring the subpleural and basal regions.
There is some overlap in definition with the term idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 1.
By d...
Article
Chrispin-Norman scoring system for cystic fibrosis
The Chrispin-Norman score is used to provide a summative assessment of structural lung changes in patients with cystic fibrosis on plain chest radiographs.
It is useful to monitor disease progression or treatment response and can be used to compare between different patients in research studies...
Article
Pulmonary interstitium
Pulmonary interstitium is a collection of support tissues within the lung that includes the alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, perivascular and perilymphatic tissues.
The pulmonary interstitium can be divided into three zones - axial, parenchymal and periph...
Article
Esophageal leiomyomatosis
Esophageal leiomyomatosis is rare benign condition.
Epidemiology
It usually presents at childhood. There is a recognized increased female predilection.
Pathology
It is considered a hamartomatous condition and is associated with abnormal diffuse proliferation of smooth muscle fibers in distal...
Article
Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome
Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) refers to diffuse lung injury which can occur following haematopeotic stem cell transplantation where neither an infectious nor non-infectious etiology can be found.
Epidemiology
The incidence of IPS is thought to be around 12% following haematopoetic stem c...
Article
Idiopathic pauci immune pulmonary capillaritis
Idiopathic pauci immune pulmonary capillaritis (IPIPC) is considered a rare type of pulmonary vasculitis. Some authors consider this due be an organ specific subset of microscopic polyangiitis 3. It can result in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.
Pathology
It is an isolated small vessel vasculitis ...
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