Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,866 results found
Article
Polyneuritis cranialis
Polyneuritis cranialis is often considered an oculopharyngeal subtype of Guillain-Barré syndrome, but the term has also been used for other subtypes of post-infectious and inflammatory polyneuritis (including diphteria, HIV, Lyme disease, sarcoidosis, post-chemotherapy, etc.) 1,2. The term was i...
Article
Subtalar instability
Subtalar instability refers to an unstable talocalcaneal or subtalar joint and is difficult to diagnose.
Epidemiology
Subtalar instability occurs in patients with lateral ankle instability in up to 10-25% 1.
Associations
Clinical conditions associated with subtalar instability include the fo...
Article
Superior mesenteric artery aneurysm
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) aneurysms are the third most common type of visceral artery aneurysm, accounting for ~5% of visceral artery aneurysms.
Clinical presentation
SMA aneurysms are most commonly detected incidentally on imaging for other indications, however, ~45% (range 38-50%) pr...
Article
Intestinal transplant
Intestinal transplantation is a surgical treatment for intestinal failure. It is one of the most rarely performed transplant procedures performed, exclusively involving the transplantation of donor small bowel to a recipient, with an ileostomy formation.
Due to the high risk of complications w...
Article
Secondary involvement of the pleura with lymphoma
Secondary involvement of the pleura with lymphoma (secondary pleural lymphoma) is very common, occurring in ~20% of lymphomas. It may be a result of an extension of lymphoma into the visceral or parietal pleura or be a complicating pleural effusion and is a poor prognostic factor.
Epidemiology...
Article
Quantitative imaging biomarker
Quantitative imaging biomarkers are validated, standardized characteristics based on quantifiable features of biomedical imaging that can be reliably and objectively measured on a ratio or interval scale. The utility of quantitative imaging biomarkers lies in providing information beyond what ca...
Article
British Institute of Radiology
The British Institute of Radiology (BIR) is a multidisciplinary radiology society, whose ultimate forerunner, the "X-ray Society" was the first radiology society to be founded in the world, in 1897.
Journals
The British Institute of Radiology publishes several journals, its premier one being t...
Article
Posterior pituitary
The posterior pituitary (also known as neurohypophysis) is a direct extension from the hypothalamus and does not synthesize any hormones, but rather releases oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin) which has traveled down the infundibulum in vesicles termed Herring bodies. The cell bodies reside into hyp...
Article
Supratrochlear foramen (disambiguation)
Supratrochlear foramen can refer to:
supratrochlear foramen (head)
supratrochlear foramen (humerus)
Article
Hernia (general)
Hernias (or herniae) are a common pathological entity, in which an anatomical structure passes into an abnormal location via an opening.
The opening may be a normal physiological aperture (e.g. hiatus hernia: stomach passes through the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus) or pathological. Iatrogeni...
Article
Coherent system of units
A coherent system of units consists of a set of base units (typically time, length, mass, electric current and temperature) and a set of derived units. The derived units are formed from the product of base units raised to specific powers with a constant factor of one. Some derived units have spe...
Article
Stem and lead-in (multiple choice questions)
The stem and lead-in are the first parts of multiple choice questions and are sometimes rolled into one short sentence or phrase.
These have dual purposes:
provide context for the question and provide any relevant information
instruct the examinee exactly what needs to be done to answer the...
Article
Skeletal survey (overview)
The skeletal survey is a radiographic series performed to survey the entire skeleton (axial skeleton, upper and lower limbs) for pathology or injury. Specific projections vary depending on the clinical indication and the institution's protocol.
There are various clinical indications that may wa...
Article
Bowl of grapes sign
The bowl of grapes sign has been described in synovial sarcoma. It refers to the characteristic multilobulated lesion subdivided by multiple septa, forming large cystic foci with regions of hemorrhage.
Article
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatological disease with several variants. The most common variant is plaque psoriasis, other variants of the disease are guttate, erythrodermic and pustular psoriasis 1.
Epidemiology
There is a geographic variation in the prevalence of psoriasis such that popul...
Article
Extradural neural axis compartment
Extradural neural axis compartment (EDNAC) exists from the tip of the coccyx all the way to the back of the globe, and yet it is relatively unknown as a concept. It is bounded externally by the periosteum of the vertebrae and sacrum inferiorly and the skull superiorly, and the visceral (meningea...
Article
Right lower lobe collapse
Right lower lobe (RLL) collapse has distinctive features, and is usually relatively easily identified. The smaller overlying heart shadow obscures less lung compared with left lower lobe collapse.
Findings of lower lobe collapse can be grouped together as they are almost identical on both side...
Article
Os odontoideum
Os odontoideum (plural: ossa odontoidea) is an anatomic variant of the odontoid process of C2 and needs to be differentiated from persistent ossiculum terminale and from a type 2 odontoid fracture. It can be associated with atlantoaxial instability.
Although it was originally thought to be a c...
Article
Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures
The Anderson and Montesano classification is a widely used system for describing occipital condyle fractures. It divides injuries into three types based on morphology and mechanism of injury 1-5.
Classification
type I: impacted type occipital condyle fracture
morphology: comminution of the co...
Article
Caput medusae sign (developmental venous anomaly)
The caput medusae sign also sometimes known as a palm tree sign refers to developmental venous anomalies of the brain, where a number of veins converge centrally into a single draining vein.
The sign is seen on both CT and MRI when contrast medium is administered. Angiographically the caput me...
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