Articles
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1,386 results found
Article
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also known as Wilkie syndrome, cast syndrome or aortomesenteric duodenal compression syndrome, is a rare acquired vascular compression disorder in which acute angulation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) results in compression of the third part of...
Article
Branches of ophthalmic artery (mnemonic)
A useful mnemonic to remember the branches of the ophthalmic artery is:
DR MCLESSI
Mnemonic
D: dorsal nasal artery
R: (central) retinal artery
M: muscular artery
C: ciliary arteries (long, short and anterior)
L: lacrimal artery
E: ethmoidal arteries (anterior and posterior)
S: supraorbi...
Article
Delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage (DIPH), or delayed ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage, is a rare and serious complication following successful and otherwise uncomplicated endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, usually with flow-diverter stents.
Terminology
Although delayed ipsil...
Article
Superior vena cava obstruction
Superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) can occur from extrinsic compression, intrinsic stenosis, or thrombosis of the superior vena cava. Malignancies are the main cause and are considered an oncologic emergency. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) refers to the clinical syndrome with symptoms tha...
Article
Anterior cerebral artery hypoplasia or absence
Anterior cerebral artery hypoplasia or absence (aplasia) is an uncommon anatomical variant involving the first portion (A1 segment) of the anterior cerebral artery. The artery may be underdeveloped, as in hypoplasia, or completely absent, as in aplasia.
Epidemiology
Anterior cerebral artery hy...
Article
Renal artery aneurysm
Renal artery aneurysms (RAA) are the second most common visceral aneurysm (15-22%), the most common being splenic artery aneurysm (60%).
Epidemiology
Renal artery aneurysms occur in ~0.1% of the population 6,8. They are more common in females 6 . The median age at diagnosis is 50 years 8.
Cl...
Article
Anterior cerebral artery
The anterior cerebral artery (ACA), along with the middle cerebral artery (MCA) forms at the termination of the internal carotid artery (ICA). It is the smaller of the two and arches anteromedially to pass anterior to the genu of the corpus callosum, dividing as it does so into its two major bra...
Article
Mondor disease (penis)
Penile Mondor disease is a benign self-limiting condition characterized by thrombophlebitis of the superficial dorsal vein of the penis or one of its tributaries.
Mondor disease also classically occurs in the breast and axilla.
Epidemiology
It usually occurs in sexually active young adults. T...
Article
Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin (sarcoma) that originate from the soft tissues rather than bone. They are classified on the basis of tissue seen on histology. The more common sarcomas in the adult and pediatric populations are listed below...
Article
Cavernous transformation of the portal vein
Cavernous transformation of the portal vein, aka a portal cavernoma, is a sequela of portal vein thrombosis and consists of the bypass of the normal single channel portal vein with numerous, tortuous venous collaterals.
For a discussion of demographics and presentation, please refer to the arti...
Article
Coronary sinus
The coronary sinus is the largest cardiac venous structure. It returns the majority of the blood supply for the left ventricle to the right atrium.
Gross anatomy
The coronary sinus courses along the posterior wall of the left atrium into the left atrioventricular groove. It normally drains int...
Article
Circle of Willis
The Circle of Willis is an arterial polygon (heptagon) formed as the internal carotid and vertebral systems anastomose around the optic chiasm and infundibulum of the pituitary stalk in the suprasellar cistern. This communicating pathway allows equalization of blood-flow between the two sides of...
Article
Superior rectal artery
The superior rectal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the rectum down to the level of the levator ani 2.
Summary
origin: the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery is the superior rectal artery
course: descends into the pelvic cavity in the sigmoid mesocolon, crossing the ...
Article
Pseudocoarctation of the aorta
Pseudocoarctation of the aorta is a rare anomaly characterized by kinking or buckling of the descending aorta at the level of the ligamentum arteriosum with no significant pressure gradient across the lesion (<10 mmHg).
Epidemiology
Associations
Rarely reported associations include 3:
congen...
Article
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as bleeding proximal to the ligament of Treitz.
Epidemiology
The incidence of acute upper GI bleeding is ~100 per 100,000 adults per year. Upper GI bleeding is twice as common in men as in women and increases in prevalence with age 5. The demog...
Article
Left gastric artery
The left gastric artery (LGA) is the smallest and first branch of the celiac artery.
Gross anatomy
The left gastric artery passes superiorly over the left crus of the diaphragm, approaching the esophageal opening of the diaphragm, giving off an esophageal branch to the distal esophagus, then...
Article
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm refers to a pseudoaneurysm arising from the pulmonary arteries.
Pathology
A pseudoaneurysm results from a tear or disruption of all three layers of the vessel wall. Extravasated blood is contained by compressed extravascular tissue or a clot, which makes up the ...
Article
Right-sided aortic arch
Right-sided aortic arch is a type of aortic arch variant characterized by the aortic arch coursing to the right of the trachea. Different configurations can be found based on the supra-aortic branching patterns, with the two most common patterns being the right-sided aortic arch with mirror imag...
Article
Pulmonary artery atresia
Pulmonary artery atresia (or sometimes known as pulmonary atresia) is a congenital cardiovascular anomaly in which there is complete disruption between the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and the pulmonary trunk.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is 1 in 10,000 births.
Pathology
Th...
Article
Intramuscular hemangiomas
Intramuscular hemangiomas, also known as intramuscular angiomas, intramuscular capillary-type hemangiomas, and intramuscular fast-flow vascular anomalies 5, are vascular lesions consisting of benign vascular channels within skeletal muscle.
Terminology
In much of the scientific literature, the...
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