The method of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) was introduced to avoid the morbidity of recurrent lengthening procedures, which are the basis of the treatment in traditional growing rods.
Procedure
As with traditional growing rods, they use spinal anchors (pedicle screws and hooks). However, the rods have a mechanical component that allows elongation through magnetic stimulation. In this way, repetitive surgical lengthening procedures are avoided.
At present, a consensus of 3 months has been reached between distraction procedures 1.
When the magnetically controlled rods are lengthened, confirmation of position is required. Depending on the system, this can be assessed with x-rays (though this increases the dose burden for individuals) or with ultrasound. The latter is a simple and dynamic solution that reduces the use of ionizing radiation although it is operator dependant.
Magnetically controlled rods minimize the risk of surgical scarring, surgical site infections, avoids multiple anesthesias, and also reduces the psychological discomfort associated with recurrent lengthening procedures.
Complications
Magnetically controlled rods are a relatively recent addition to the armoury of scoliosis management. Medium-term results have shown that their use is not without complications. Among these, the most frequent are 1,2:
- high rates of surgical revision as magnetic rods can shift
- the inability to shape the ends of the rod is both challenging in the operating room and a cause of kyphosis
- metallosis around magnetic parts
These systems are gaining popularity, but because they are relatively new systems few patients have been followed up to skeletal maturity.
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