CNS aspergillosis

Discussion:

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a relatively rare but often fatal disorder of immune activation resulting in massive self-perpetuating inflammation. It can be primary (very rare) or secondary. In this case, a definite etiology was not identified prior to patient demise. Management of this case is done via intense immune suppression with high dose chemotherapy (usually etoposide) making patients highly susceptible to opportunistic infections, as what happened to this patient. During his prolonged inpatient ICU stay, he eventually developed multifocal invasive aspergillosis with the presented brain lesions found on screening (patient was sedated and intubated at the time of diagnosis). Sadly, this young father eventually succumbed to his disease shortly after the presented imaging. No CSF or histopathological confirmation was obtained prior to his death.

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