Acute ischemic infarct of the lateral medulla oblongata

Case contributed by Sergio Yescaz Alemán
Diagnosis certain

Presentation

Bifrontal pulsatile headache with a pain scale rating of 8/10, left hemiparesis, labial commissure deviation, gait disturbance, nausea, and diaphoresis.

Patient Data

Age: 45 years
Gender: Female

Inferior medullary infarct on the left side of the medulla, exhibiting T1 hypointensity and T2-FLAIR hyperintensity, along with restriction observed in DWI/ADC.

Case Discussion

The common signs include the triad of Horner with ipsilateral ataxia, contralateral hypoalgesia, and ipsilateral facial hypalgesia. In all of these patients, the diagnosis should be considered in individuals with sudden-onset symptoms and signs localizing to the medulla.

DWI showed high sensitivity in the diagnosis of Wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome, thus supporting the clinical findings at various stages and degrees of the disease. Wallenberg's syndrome is a brainstem infarction that presents as a distinct syndrome due to its location, size, and clinical symptoms.

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