Polycythemia with dense vessels on head CT

Case contributed by Michael P Hartung
Diagnosis almost certain

Presentation

Headache.

Patient Data

Age: 20 years
Gender: Male

Abnormally dense intracranial arteries and veins on noncontrast head CT, simulating the appearance of contrast-enhanced images. A dedicated, separate contrast-enhanced series was also obtained for comparison. No other acute findings.

Case Discussion

At first glance, the noncontrast series of this head CT could be mistaken for an inadvertent contrast-enhanced scan. However, that was not the case, and this patient has a history of polycythemia vera, which can result in abnormally increased blood attenuation which is most noticeable on this head CT. The separate contrast-enhanced images can be viewed for comparison.

Blood attenuation is normally around 40 HU and is directly related to the protein content of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Iron in hemoglobin makes a minimal contribution 2.

How to use cases

You can use Radiopaedia cases in a variety of ways to help you learn and teach.

Creating your own cases is easy.

Updating… Please wait.

 Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.

 Thank you for updating your details.