Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,859 results found
Article
Diastematomyelia
Diastematomyelia, also known as a split cord malformation, refers to a type of spinal dysraphism (spina bifida occulta) characterized by a longitudinal split in the spinal cord.
Terminology
Although traditionally, it has been distinguished from diplomyelia (in which the cord is duplicated rat...
Article
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) involves the administration of intravenous contrast agents consisting of microbubbles/nanobubbles of gas.
Uses
liver
hepatic metastasis
cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma
cholangiocarcinoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatic adenoma
focal nodular hyperplasia...
Article
Aortopulmonary window (radiograph)
The aortopulmonary (aortic-pulmonary or AP) window (also known as APW, but see 'Terminology' below) is a radiological mediastinal space seen on frontal chest radiographs.
Terminology
The term should also not be confused with an aortopulmonary septal defect, which is occasionally also - unfortu...
Article
Transient hepatic attenuation differences
Transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) lesions refer to areas of parenchymal enhancement visible during the hepatic artery phase on helical CT. They are thought to be a physiological phenomenon caused by the dual hepatic blood supply. Occasionally, they may be associated with hepatic t...
Article
Transient hepatic intensity difference
Transient hepatic intensity differences (THID) is a phenomenon observed on MRI imaging of the liver. They are considered a direct equivalent to transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) seen with CT and transient hepatic echogenicity differences (THED) with CEUS. They may be focal or non-...
Article
Transient hepatic echogenicity differences
Transient hepatic echogenicity differences (THED) are areas of differential enhancement of the liver parenchyma depected with CEUS using microbubble intravascular contrast agents. They are equivalent to transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) with contrast enhanced CT and transient hepa...
Article
LI-RADS US Surveillance
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Ultrasound Surveillance (LI-RADS US Surveillance) is a standardized system with recommendations for imaging technique, interpretation and reporting for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using unenhanced ultrasound in patients at high risk for ...
Article
CT/MRI LI-RADS
CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is an algorithm for diagnosing and staging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (CT/MRI Diagnostic LI-RADS) or assessing the response of HCC to locoregional treatment (CT/MRI Treatment Response LI-RADS) using CT or MRI with extracellular contras...
Article
Spinoglenoid notch ganglion cyst
Spinoglenoid notch ganglion cysts are a location-specific form of ganglion cysts that arise in the region of the spinoglenoid notch.
Epidemiology
They are generally rare and may be slightly more common in males 2.
Associations
glenoid labral tears: especially SLAP lesions 5
Clinical present...
Article
Status post
Status post (S/P) is a term used in medicine to refer to a treatment (often a surgical procedure), diagnosis or just an event, that a patient has experienced previously, for example, "status post cholecystectomy", "S/P vaginal delivery", etc.
History and etymology
'Status' is Latin for conditi...
Article
Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands
Pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands, also known as benign mixed tumors (see below), are the most common salivary gland tumors. The salivary glands are the most common site of pleomorphic adenomas.
On imaging, they commonly present as well-circumscribed rounded masses, most commonly loca...
Article
Imperforate hymen
Imperforate hymen is a congenital condition in which the hymen lacks a normal opening.
Epidemiology
It happens in 0.1% of the female population, usually an isolated finding.
Clinical presentation
Primary amenorrhea with cyclic lower abdominal pain during menarche age. An imperforate hymen c...
Article
Hiatal surface area
The hiatal surface area (HSA) is a measurement that has been proposed to define the size of the hiatal defect in the preoperative assessment of a hiatus hernia. It allows to determine the two-dimensional expanse of the hiatal orifice and then adapts the crural closure to the exact dimension of t...
Article
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), also known as testicular feminization syndrome, results from end-organ resistance to androgens, particularly testosterone. AIS may be complete or incomplete with variable imaging findings.
Epidemiology
The incidence may vary depending on whether it is co...
Article
Cerebral paragonimiasis
Cerebral paragonimiasis is a serious manifestation of paragonimiasis, and refers to a parasitic brain infection caused by a the Paragonimus genus of trematodes (flukes).
Epidemiology
Paragonimiasis is endemic in Asia, West Africa, and Latin America. Infections can occur after ingesting underco...
Article
Congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis
Congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis is a manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis and refers to development of cerebral toxoplasmosis in the fetus through maternal transmission.
Please refer to congenital toxoplasmosis for a broad discussion on epidemiology and pathology.
Radiographic features...
Article
Osteoid
Osteoid is a protein mixture secreted by osteoblasts that forms the organic matrix of bone. Bone is formed when osteoid mineralizes.
Osteoid is important in several disease processes:
failure of osteoid to mineralize leads to osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
focal accumulations...
Article
Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis refers to the presence of calculi anywhere along the course of the urinary tracts. For the purpose of the article, the terms urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, and renal/kidney stones are used interchangeably, although some authors have slightly varying definitions of each.
See main a...
Article
Chest (lateral view)
The lateral chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum, and great vessels.
Indications
This orthogonal view to a frontal chest radiograph may be performed as an adjunct in cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty. The lateral chest view can be particularly useful in as...
Article
RANZCR key conditions assessment
The RANZCR key conditions assessment is an assessment mandated by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) for first year radiology trainees prior to starting after-hours work and on-call duties.
The assessment is conducted locally by the training site, where clinic...
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