CT findings show the extension of the inflammatory process from the rectum/perirectal region along the inferior mesenteric vein to the level of the portal vein. Complete thrombosis of the inferior mesenteric vein with perivenous inflammatory changes is compatible with septic thrombophlebitis (pylephlebitis).

Thrombophlebitis of the inferior mesenteric vein is an uncommon condition and is usually associated with sigmoid diverticulitis. The complications consist of hepatic abscess, bowel ischemia, sepsis and septic shock.