Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
561 results found
Article
Common carotid artery
The common carotid arteries (CCA) are paired branchless arteries of the neck that supply blood to the head, face and neck. Each common carotid bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries.
Summary
origin:
left: branch of the aortic arch
right: branch of the brachiocephalic trunk
c...
Article
Vasa vasorum
The vasa vasorum represents the supporting microvasculature of the larger caliber arteries and veins of the body.
Gross anatomy
The vasa vasorum has two subtypes in humans 2,3:
arterial vasa vasorum: arises from various arteries based on anatomical location (e.g. intercostal arteries for desc...
Article
Valveless vein
The valveless veins are veins that lack venous valves. Most veins contain valves (known as the valvula venosa in the TA) to prevent backflow, i.e. ensuring that blood flow is always towards the heart 1.
It has been shown that veins that were previously thought to be valveless actually do have v...
Article
Bovine arch
Bovine arch is the most common variant of the aortic arch and occurs when the brachiocephalic (innominate) artery shares a common origin with the left common carotid artery.
Epidemiology
A bovine arch is present in ~15% (range 8-27%) of the population and is more common in individuals of Afri...
Article
Posterior tibial artery
The posterior tibial artery (PTA) is one of the 2 branches of the tibioperoneal trunk in the lower leg and provides oxygenated blood to the posterior compartments of the leg and plantar surface of the foot. It is accompanied by the posterior tibial vein, along its course.
Summary
origin: tibio...
Article
Pontine arteries
The pontine branches are the small arterial branches of the basilar artery that supply the pons and structures adjacent to the pons.
There are usually 3-5 paired arterial branches which are located in the mid-basilar region between the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the superior cerebe...
Article
Corona mortis
Corona mortis, Latin for "crown of death", is a common variant vascular anastomosis between the external iliac artery or deep inferior epigastric artery and the obturator artery. It is reported to be present in a third of patients on routine multidetector CT examination 1,4. It is called as such...
Article
Persistent primitive trigeminal artery
Persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) is the most common type of the four persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. It is present in 0.1-0.6% of cerebral angiograms and is usually unilateral.
In utero, the trigeminal artery supplies the basilar artery before the development of the...
Article
Posterior ciliary arteries
The posterior ciliary arteries are usually paired branches arising from the ophthalmic artery, one medial and one lateral, each giving off a number of branches that supply the uvea 1.
Close to the optic nerve, are the short posterior ciliary arteries, usually numbering 16-20; these supply the p...
Article
Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses
The persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are variant anatomical arterial communications between the anterior and posterior circulations due to abnormal embryological development of the vertebrobasilar system. They are named, with the exception of the proatlantal artery, using the crani...
Article
Portal vein
The portal vein (PV) (sometimes referred to as the main or hepatic portal vein) is the main vessel in the portal venous system and drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.
Terminology
A portal venous system connects two capillary beds, meaning one organ / organ sys...
Article
Ulnar artery
The ulnar artery is a terminal branch of the brachial artery, arising at the proximal aspect of the forearm. Along with the radial artery, it is one of the main arteries of the forearm.
Summary
origin: terminal branch of the brachial artery
location: inferior aspect of the cubital fossa
sup...
Article
Radial artery
The radial artery is a terminal branch of the brachial artery and arises at the cubital fossa of the forearm. It is one of the two main arteries of the forearm, along with the ulnar artery.
Summary
origin: terminal branch of the brachial artery
location: inferior aspect of the cubital fossa
...
Article
Deep palmar arch
The deep palmar arch is the terminal branch of the radial artery, usually forming an anastomosis with the ulnar artery 1.
The radial artery enters the palm in between the oblique and transverse heads of adductor pollicis muscle, coursing across the palm approximately 1 cm proximal to the superf...
Article
Superficial palmar arch
The superficial palmar arch originates as the terminal branch of the ulnar artery, distal to the flexor retinaculum 1. It is located superficial to the long flexor tendons of the digits and deep to the palmar aponeurosis.
The superficial palmar arch travels distally, then laterally across the m...
Article
Arterial supply to the hand
The arterial supply to the hand is comprised of a complex vascular network formed from the branches and distal continuations of the radial and ulnar arteries. This rich vascular network can be divided into palmar and dorsal components.
Palmar arterial supply
The palmar arterial supply can be d...
Article
Recurrent artery of Heubner
Recurrent artery of Heubner, also known as the medial striate artery or long central artery, is the largest perforating branch from the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and is the only one routinely seen on angiography.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
The origin is from the anterior ce...
Article
Interarterial course of the right coronary artery
Interarterial course of the right coronary artery may occur if the right coronary artery (RCA) has an aberrant origin from the left coronary sinus. The interarterial course occurs because the artery passes between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
It is an uncommon anatomic variant w...
Article
Interrupted aortic arch
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is an uncommon congenital cardiovascular anomaly where there is a separation between the ascending and descending aorta. It can either be complete or connected by a remnant fibrous band. An accompanying large ventricular septal defect (VSD) and/or patent ductus arte...
Article
High division of the brachial artery
A high division of the brachial artery is an unusually proximal bifurcation of the brachial artery into its ulnar and radial branches in the upper arm.
It is an anatomical variant of the arterial branching pattern of the upper limb.
Description
In general, the brachial artery bifurcates into...
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