Items tagged “rewrite”
139 results found
Article
Synovial enhancement
Synovial enhancement is an imaging feature typically observed on MRI imaging. It can occur in various forms and can be focal or diffuse.
Pathology
inflammatory
synovitis
transient synovitis of the hip
infective synovitis
inflammatory arthritides
septic arthritis
tuberculous septic arthri...
Article
Hartmann pouch
Hartmann pouches are a technique in colonic surgery. After a segment of colon is resected, there are generally two options with regards to what to do with the two ends of the colon:
both the upstream end of the colon (the end of the colon through which fecal contents would pass) and the downs...
Article
Spinal stenosis
Spinal stenosis is a condition in which a portion of the spinal canal narrows to the point at which it can exert pressure on the nerves that travel through the spine.
Spinal stenosis is not to be confused with foraminal stenosis, which is the narrowing of the foramina with subsequent compressio...
Article
Causes of cone-shaped epiphysis (mnemonic)
A useful mnemonic for remembering the causes of cone-shaped epiphysis is:
ABCDE MOST
Mnemonic
A: achondroplasia, acrodysostosis
B: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
C: chondroplasia punctata, Cockayne syndrome, conorenal syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia, cartilage-hair hypoplasia
D: dactylitis,...
Article
Radionuclide cisternography
Radionuclide cisternography is a nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses intrathecal 111In-DTPA (diethyletriaminepentaacetic acid; pentetate) to visualize the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
There are a few indications 1:
localization of CSF leaks, such as in CSF rhinorrhea and CSF oto...
Article
Perianal disease
Perianal disease, also known as anorectal disease, is the collective name given to a group of diseases that primarily affect the anal canal +/- rectum. The disease spectrum ranges from the typically benign, e.g. hemorrhoids, to the potentially more serious, e.g. perianal fistula 1-3.
hemorrhoid...
Article
Abusive head trauma
Abusive head trauma is a term that is used for inflicted head injury that has occurred by either shaking, impact head trauma, or both, as part of the spectrum of non-accidental injury (NAI).
Pathology
Intracranial injuries
Subdural hemorrhage in a child should be viewed with suspicion. Most o...
Article
Haemodialysis vascular access
Vascular access for haemodialysis is used for end-stage renal failure that requires renal replacement therapy. Options include temporary/permanent and non-surgical vs surgical methods. This article will focus on surgical arteriovenous fistulae.
Types of vascular access
Temporary
temporary vas...
Article
Harris classification of acetabular fractures
The Harris classification of acetabular fractures is based on definitions of acetabular walls and columns that differ from the Judet and Letournel classification 1.
Usage
The Judet and Letournel classification is more widely used and is applicable to both CT and plain radiographs, whereas, the...
Article
Sternoclavicular joint injection (technique)
Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) injections under image guidance ensure precise delivery of an injectate into the joint and, importantly, that the needle is under direct visualization.
Indications
pain
arthropathy, e.g. osteoarthritis
diagnostic injection
Contraindications
Absolute
anaphylaxi...
Article
Medial collateral ligament bursa
The medial collateral ligament bursa is one of the bursae of the knee with the shape of a vertically expanding compartment located between the superficial and deep portions of the medial collateral ligament 1-5. The bursa is usually located in the middle third of the knee, with the anterior marg...
Article
Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma
Pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas are rare exocrine neoplasms that comprise ~1% of all pancreatic tumors. This tumor shows more aggressive behavior than the far more common adenocarcinoma 1,3,4.
Epidemiology
This tumor is most common in pediatric (8-15 years) and adult (60 years) populations. ...
Article
Solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst
The solid variant of the aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare non-neoplastic and reactive bone lesion. It differs from the classical type of ABC in certain aspects.
Epidemiology
The solid variant of ABC has an incidence of ~5% (range 3.4-7.5%) and is found to have slight female predilection (1...
Article
Perivascular adductor longus muscle injury
A perivascular adductor longus muscle injury is an infrequent type of trauma to the adductor longus muscle, which is poorly and infrequently reported in the literature 1-3, and may as a result remain underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Pathology
The adductor longus muscle originates from the exte...
Article
Scapular notching
Scapular notching is a radiologic finding post reverse total shoulder arthroplasty that correlates to erosion of the scapular neck.
The erosion occurs due to the repetitive contact between the polyethylene of the humeral component and the inferior scapular neck during adduction and progressive ...
Article
Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an odorless and colorless gas that can cause a state of euphoria.
Nitrous oxide is the least powerful of the inhalational anesthetic agents, needing up to 104% concentration to reach 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Thus, it is usually admixed with a more volatile ...
Article
Episcleritis
Episcleritis describes inflammation of the thin outer layer of the sclera. The episcleral layer is present in between the conjunctiva and sclera and can become acutely inflamed unilaterally or bilaterally.
Clinical presentation
Clinically, patients may present with:
red eye(s)
ocular discomf...
Article
Bone grafting of reverse Hill-Sachs defects
Bone grafting of reverse Hill-Sachs defect is the surgical restoration of the humeral head due to compromised shoulder stability from large defects, which in patients without significant glenoid bone loss who have good bone stock, preserved articular cartilage, and humeral head defect between 20...
Article
Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver stain
Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain is a histological stain frequently used to screen specimens for fungal organisms. The procedure relies on the presence of polysaccharides along the fungal cell wall.
During the staining process, chromic acid is first applied to the specimen which ox...
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