Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,869 results found
Article
Anterior resection of the rectum
Anterior resection is a surgical procedure to resect the rectum and sigmoid colon while preserving the anal sphincter complex.
Indications
cancer of the rectum (most common)
severe diverticular disease
Procedure
Although historically an open procedure, most anterior resections are now perfo...
Article
Small bowel mesentery internal hernia
Small bowel mesentery internal hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a form of internal bowel herniation involving protrusions of viscera through defects in the peritoneum or bowel mesentery.
Epidemiology
This type of internal herniation is more often seen in neonates than in adults ref.
...
Article
Anterior resection syndrome
Anterior resection syndrome refers to a wide spectrum of symptoms that develop following sphincter-preserving anterior resection of the rectum.
Epidemiology
There have been reports that ~50% of patients who undergo anterior resection for rectal cancer develop anterior resection syndrome 2.
Ri...
Article
Spin echo sequences
Spin-echo pulse sequences are one of the earliest developed and still widely used (in the form of fast spin echo) of all MRI pulse sequences. The pulse sequence timing can be adjusted to give T1-weighted, proton density, and T2-weighted images. Dual echo and multiecho sequences can be used to ob...
Article
Greater arc injury
Greater arc injuries are perilunate fracture-dislocations that are twice as common as lesser arc injuries, which are purely ligamentous perilunate dislocations 1. They account for ~5% of wrist fractures 1. The associated fractures may be trans-radial styloid, trans-scaphoid (most common 4), tran...
Article
Lesser arc injury
Lesser arc injuries are pure ligamentous perilunate dislocations. They are the "baby brother" of greater arc injuries, which have additional fractures of the radial styloid, scaphoid, capitate, triquetrum, and/or ulnar styloid 1.
Article
Diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor
Diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor is an uncommon benign condition, which is most commonly monoarticular (~70% knee joint), but occasionally, it can be polyarticular.
Please see the overview article tenosynovial giant cell tumor for content common to both the localized type and diffuse type...
Article
Lateral humeral condyle fracture
Lateral humeral condyle fractures also referred to simply as lateral condyle fractures (in the appropriate context), are relatively common elbow fractures that predominantly occur in children. They may be subtle but are hugely important to diagnose promptly because if they are missed, they tend ...
Article
Pyloric stenosis
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) refers to the idiopathic thickening of gastric pyloric musculature which then results in progressive gastric outlet obstruction.
Epidemiology
Pyloric stenosis is relatively common, with an incidence of approximately 2-5 per 1000 births, and a male predilect...
Article
Dynamic hip screw
A dynamic hip screw (DHS) is a femoral head-sparing orthopedic device used to treat femoral neck fractures. It is sometimes referred to as a pin and plate.
Femoral neck fractures that are undisplaced and hence have a low risk of osteonecrosis (Garden I and II fractures) can be treated with head...
Article
Mauclaire disease
Mauclaire disease, also known as Dietrich disease, is a rare disease and refers to osteonecrosis of the metacarpal heads, which usually appears between the ages of 13 and 18 years 1,2. This condition may lead to early closure of the epiphyseal growth plate and growth disturbance of the involved ...
Article
Pontine arteries
The pontine branches are the small arterial branches of the basilar artery that supply the pons and structures adjacent to the pons.
There are usually 3-5 paired arterial branches which are located in the mid-basilar region between the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the superior cerebe...
Article
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a regenerative mass lesion of the liver and the second most common benign liver lesion (the most common is a hemangioma). Many focal nodular hyperplasias have characteristic radiographic features on multimodality imaging, but some lesions may be atypical in app...
Article
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), colloquially known as a heart attack, an acute coronary syndrome, results from interruption of myocardial blood flow and resultant ischemia and is a leading cause of death worldwide.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
male > females
age
>45 years for males
>55 years for...
Article
Lunate fracture
Lunate fractures are carpal injuries that, if left untreated, can result in significant carpal instability.
Epidemiology
Lunate fractures account for around 4% of all carpal fractures 1.
Pathology
Lunate fractures are often secondary to axial loading of the capitate bone. This is seen in fo...
Article
Left lower lobe collapse
Left lower lobe collapse has distinctive features, and can be readily identified on frontal chest radiographs, provided attention is paid to the normal cardiomediastinal contours. However, the shadow cast by the heart does make it more difficult to see than the right lower lobe collapse.
Some o...
Article
Ultrasound assessment of carotid arterial atherosclerotic disease
Ultrasound assessment of carotid arterial atherosclerotic disease has become the first choice for carotid artery stenosis screening, permitting the evaluation of both the macroscopic appearance of plaques and flow characteristics in the carotid artery.
This article focuses on internal carotid a...
Article
Infrahyoid muscles
The infrahyoid muscles or strap muscles are a group of four paired muscles in the anterior neck below the hyoid bone, within the muscular triangle. They are responsible for depressing the hyoid during swallowing. These muscles can be remembered by the mnemonic "TOSS".
They can be difficult to d...
Article
Breast neoplasms
Breast neoplasms consist of a wide spectrum of pathologies from benign proliferations, high-risk lesions, precursor lesions, to invasive malignancies. This article provides an overview for radiologists, with a focus on breast cancer.
For a summary article for medical students and non-radiologi...
Article
Machine learning
Machine learning is a specific practical application of computer science and mathematics that allows computers to extrapolate information based on observed patterns without explicit programming. A defining characteristic of machine learning programs is the improved performance at tasks such as c...
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