Articles
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59 results found
Article
Diffuse bone marrow infiltration on MRI (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember differentials causing diffuse bone marrow infiltration on MRI. Bone marrow infiltration is best evaluated on T1 sequences and may be focal or diffuse. Focal infiltration is seen in metastases and lymphoma. The diffuse pattern is seen more commonly in multiple myeloma, mast...
Article
Cholinergic crisis (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for the clinical features associated with cholinergic crisis comprise:
MDS' BEDBUG LB
FW HRCT
CDS' CASA
Mnemonics
MDS' BEDBUG LB
Colloquially denoting "MDs' Bedbug Pound," with pound semantically signaled by the letters "Lb", this mnemonic corresponds to the clinical features of...
Article
Neurocysticercosis (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the stages of neurocysticercosis is:
Vegans Can't Get Neurocysticercosis
Mnemonic
V: vesicular
C: colloidal vesicular
G: granular nodular
N: nodular calcified
Article
Toxic leukoencephalopathy (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the more common causes of toxic leukoencephalopathy is:
CHOICES 1
Mnemonic
C: chemotherapy (e.g. methotrexate)
H: heroin
O: other opioids
I: immunosuppressant drugs or imidazole
C: cocaine
E: ethanol or environmental (e.g. carbon monoxide)
S: splenial lesions (re...
Article
Drop metastases (mnemonic)
The primary intracerebral malignancies that may cause drop metastases to the subarachnoid space are:
glioblastoma (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma
medulloblastoma
sPNET
ependymoma
germinoma
choroid plexus carcinoma
pineoblastoma/pineocytoma
These can be remembered using this mnemonic:
G...
Article
Chiari II malformation
Chiari II malformations are relatively common congenital malformations of the spine and posterior fossa characterized by myelomeningocele (lumbosacral spina bifida aperta) and a small posterior fossa with descent of the brainstem, cerebellar tonsils, and vermis through the foramen magnum. Numero...
Article
Parkinson disease common signs (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the commonest clinical signs of Parkinson disease is
SMART
Mnemonic
S: shuffling gait
M: mask-like facies
A: akinesia
R: rigidity
T: tremor
Article
Scalp nerve supply (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the nerve supply to the scalp is:
GLASS
Mnemonic
G: greater occipital nerve / greater auricular nerve
L: lesser occipital nerve
A: auriculotemporal nerve
S: supratrochlear nerve
S: supraorbital nerve
Please note that other nerves also contribute, see anatomy articl...
Article
Calcified glial tumors (mnemonic)
In order of decreasing frequency, a useful mnemonic to remember glial tumors which calcify is:
Old Elephants Age Gracefully
Mnemonic
O: oligodendroglioma
E: ependymoma
A: astrocytoma
G: glioblastoma
Article
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (mnemonic)
Clinical diagnosis requires the presence of at least two criteria to confirm the presence of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) 1.
These diagnostic criteria can be remembered with the mnemonic:
CAFE SPOT
Mnemonic
C: café-au-lait spots (greater than six seen during one year)
A: axillary or ingui...
Article
Persistent communications between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to recall the persistent communications between the anterior (carotid) and posterior (vertebrobasilar) systems is:
HOT Pepper
Knowledge of these anatomical variants is important to avoid confusion with pathology and to prevent inadvertent injury during surgery.
Mnemonic
H: hypoglo...
Article
Intracranial hypotension (mnemonic)
A useful mnemonic to remember the features of intracranial hypotension is:
SEEPS
Mnemonic
S: subdural fluid collections
E: enhancement of the pachymeninges
E: engorgement of the venous sinuses
P: pituitary hyperemia
S: sagging brain
See also
intracranial hypotension
Article
Sacral plexus branches (mnemonic)
A handy mnemonic to recall the branches of the sacral plexus is:
Six Ps: as all of the nerves of the anterior rami (prior to its division) start with the letter P
SLIP, DSP: if you slip over, you may need to go on the DSP (Disability Support Pension)
Mnemonic
Six Ps
nerve to piriformis (S1-...
Article
Extraocular muscle involvement in thyroid associated orbitopathy (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the order in which extraocular muscles are involved in thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is:
I'M SLOw
Mnemonic
I: inferior rectus
M: medial rectus
S: superior rectus
L: lateral rectus
O: obliques muscles (superior oblique and inferior oblique)
There is some deba...
Article
Facial nerve segments (mnemonic)
Helpful mnemonics for remembering the segments of the facial nerve include:
I Love Going To Makeover Parties 1
I Love Grinning, Then Making Pouts
both grinning and pouting are performed by muscles which are innervated by the facial nerve
I Must Learn To Make (facial) Expressions
Mnemonics
...
Article
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (mnemonic)
Two useful mnemonics to remember the features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension are:
VOMER
MOVES
Mnemonics
VOMER
V: ventricles of normal or reduced size
O: optic disc protrusion
M: Meckel's cave enlargement
E: empty sella
R: reduced caliber (stenosis) venous sinuses
MOVES
M: M...
Article
Cerebellopontine angle mass (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for the common cerebellopontine angle masses include:
AMEN or MEAN
SAME
ANGLES
Mnemonics
AMEN/MEAN
A: acoustic neuroma (a.k.a. vestibular schwannoma) (~80%)
M: meningioma (~10%)
E: ependymoma (~5%)
N: neuroepithelial cyst (arachnoid/epidermoid) (~5%)
SAME
S: schwannoma
ves...
Article
Cerebellar disease signs (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the signs of cerebellar disease is:
DANISH
Mnemonic
D: dysdiadochokinesia/dysmetria
A: ataxia
N: nystagmus
I: intention tremor
S: slurred speech
H: hypotonia
Article
Horner syndrome signs (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the commonest signs of Horner syndrome is:
PAMELA
Mnemonic
P: ptosis
A: anhydrosis
M: miosis
E: enophthalmos
L: loss of ciliary-spinal reflex
A: anisocoria
Article
Pituitary region mass (mnemonic)
Useful mnemonics for remembering the differentials for pituitary region masses (in addition to macroadenoma) are:
SATCHMO/STOMACH 1,2
MOuSTACHE
SOME ACTH HORMONE
Mnemonics
SATCHMO/STOMACH
S: sarcoid
A: aneurysm
T: teratoma or tuberculosis (and other granulomatous diseases)
C: cranioph...
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