Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,879 results found
Article
Bickerstaff encephalitis
Bickerstaff encephalitis, also known as Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, is a rare immune-mediated condition, which is often a phenotype of the anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome.
Epidemiology
Bickerstaff encephalitis is very are. it typically affects adult patients in early to middle age 4.
Clin...
Article
Miller Fisher syndrome
Miller Fisher syndrome is an immune-mediated condition characterized by the triad of cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, and external ophthalmoplegia. It is believed to represent, along with a number of other entities, different clinical manifestations of a similar underlying autoimmune disorder, the ...
Article
Optic neuropathy
Optic neuropathy is a broad term and can result from a variety of causes.
Pathology
genetic
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
compression or trauma (traumatic optic neuropathy)
optic nerve sheath meningioma
progressive diaphyseal dysplasia
thyroid-associated orbitopathy
shear injury
inf...
Article
Vestibular neuritis
Vestibular neuritis, also known as acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUVP) or vestibular neuronitis, refers to presumed inflammation of the vestibular nerve/vestibulocochlear nerve. It can be associated with labyrinthitis.
The vestibular nerve is a large division of cranial nerve eight (CN VIII)...
Article
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy that is thought to result from mild repetitive head injury. The diagnosis can only be made by neuropathological examination.
Terminology
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy refers to a specific neuropathological diagnosis, of...
Article
Rectal cancer response assessment
Assessment of rectal cancer response to therapy, which may be chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination, relies on the synthesis of clinical, endoscopic and radiologic evaluation.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to downstage the tumor, to facilitate surgical resection, and reduce loca...
Article
Hoffa fracture
Hoffa fracture, also known as Busch-Hoffa fracture, is a type of distal condylar femoral fracture and is characterized by an associated fracture component in the coronal plane.
Epidemiology
While they are rare in absolute numbers, they can account for approximately 40% of intercondylar fractur...
Article
Imperforate hymen
Imperforate hymen is a congenital condition in which the hymen lacks a normal opening.
Epidemiology
It happens in 0.1% of the female population, usually an isolated finding.
Clinical presentation
Primary amenorrhea with cyclic lower abdominal pain during menarche age. An imperforate hymen c...
Article
Disarticulation
The term disarticulation refers to the disconnection of all or part of a limb from the body, specifically through a joint. This is in contrast to amputation, which is the disconnection or removal of the structure through a bone.
Article
Hematosalpinx
A hematosalpinx refers to intraluminal blood within the fallopian tube (often dilated).
Pathology
Etiology
tubal ectopic pregnancy: common cause 1
endometriosis: common cause 5
tubal carcinoma
pelvic inflammatory disease
fallopian tube torsion
retrograde menstruation
uterine cervical s...
Article
Susceptibility weighted imaging
Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is an MRI sequence that is particularly sensitive to compounds which distort the local magnetic field and as such make it useful in detecting blood products, calcium, etc.
Physics
SWI is a 3D high-spatial-resolution fully velocity corrected gradient-echo M...
Article
Omental infarction
Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute abdomen resulting from vascular compromise of the greater omentum. This condition has a non-specific clinical presentation and is usually managed conservatively.
Along with epiploic appendagitis and perigastric appendagitis, the term omental infarctio...
Article
Mitral aortic intervalvular fibrosa
The mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) refers to a thin, fibrous, membranous avascular region located between the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (left atrioventricular orifice) and non-coronary cusp of the aortic valve in the heart.
It extends from the right fibrous trigone to th...
Article
Gynecologic Imaging-Reporting and Data System (GI-RADS)
The Gynecologic Imaging-Reporting and Data System (GI-RADS) is a reporting system that was created for reporting the findings in adnexal masses based on transvaginal ultrasonography.
Classification
Findings are classified into five categories 1:
GI-RADS 1
normal ovaries identified and no adn...
Article
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) refers to a heterogeneous group of congenital, non-sex-linked, genetic disorders of collagen type I production, involving connective tissues and bones.
The hallmark feature of osteogenesis imperfecta is osteoporosis and fragile bones that fracture easily, as well a...
Article
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor
Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumors (SCPFT) or PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumors are rare low-grade mesenchymal neoplasms of the dermis and subcutis 1-3 that have been just added to the WHO classification of soft tissue tumors in 2020 2,3.
Epidemiology
Superficial CD34-positive fi...
Article
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction (c.2019) is a phenomenon which has been associated with the use of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. It could be mistaken for metastatic disease in some situations.
See also
drug induced lung disease
immune checkpoi...
Article
Tubulinopathy
Tubulinopathies refer to a wide spectrum of cortical malformations that result from defects in genes encoding the tubulin protein that regulates neuronal migration during brain development.
Clinical presentation
Some series report a high prevalence of seizures during infancy which may be the i...
Article
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, is a central metabolic pathway in cells. It involves a series of chemical reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce energy in the form of ATP and electron carriers ...
Article
Polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young
Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is an epileptogenic tumor of children and young adults. They are often considered part of the heterogeneous group of tumors known as long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs).
Terminology
First described in 2016 1, polymorpho...
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