Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
535 results found
Article
Koos grading scale
The Koos grading scale 1 is frequently used as a classification system for vestibular schwannomas.
Classification
grade 1: small intracanalicular tumor
grade 2: small tumor with protrusion into the cerebellopontine cistern (CPA); no contact with the brainstem
grade 3: tumor occupying the cer...
Article
Rockwood classification of acromioclavicular joint injury
The Rockwood classification (1998) is the most commonly used (c.2024) classification system in use for acromioclavicular joint injuries 3,8,9.
Usage
This well-known 6-type system is a modification of the earlier 3-class classification system described by Allman (1967) 2 and Tossy (1963). The ...
Article
Visual assessment of coronary artery calcification
Overall visual assessment of coronary artery calcification is a simple scoring system for risk assessment of coronary heart disease mortality by an overall "gestalt" of none, mild, moderate or heavy coronary artery calcification (CAC). It is comparable to the Agatston score but has the advantage...
Article
Simpson grade
The Simpson grade of meningioma resection was described in 1957 and correlated the degree of surgical resection completeness with symptomatic recurrence 1.
grade I
complete removal including resection of the underlying bone and associated dura
9% symptomatic recurrence at 10 years
grade II
...
Article
Brasfield scoring system
The Brasfield scoring system is a scoring system for patients with cystic fibrosis based on scoring conventional chest radiograph findings 1. It has good correlation with pulmonary function 2.
Points are assigned in five categories:
Air trapping (0-4)
Definition: generalized pulmonary overdis...
Article
Ultrasound assessment of carotid arterial atherosclerotic disease
Ultrasound assessment of carotid arterial atherosclerotic disease has become the first choice for carotid artery stenosis screening, permitting the evaluation of both the macroscopic appearance of plaques and flow characteristics in the carotid artery.
This article focuses on internal carotid a...
Article
Lateral humeral condyle fracture
Lateral humeral condyle fractures also referred to simply as lateral condyle fractures (in the appropriate context), are relatively common elbow fractures that predominantly occur in children. They may be subtle but are hugely important to diagnose promptly because if they are missed, they tend ...
Article
Epidural spinal cord compression scale
The epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) scale, sometimes known eponymously as the Bilsky scale, is used to assess the degree to which vertebral body metastasis compromises the spinal canal and whether cord compression is present. It may serve as a guide as to when intervention (radiotherapy ...
Article
Limberg score
Limberg score is a semiquantitative color Doppler ultrasound assessment of the bowel wall vascularity in inflammatory bowel disease.
grade 0: normal bowel wall with no thickening (<4 mm), well-delineated mural stratification, no mural flow (no color Doppler signal)
grade 1: wall thickenin...
Article
Effman Classification of urethral duplication
The Effman classification is a widely used system classifying several distinct types of urethral duplication.
Usage
The Effman classification is the most commonly used 3, which is considered the most complete classification from a clinical and functional point of view 4, but it is only based ...
Article
Classification system for midline abnormalities of the brain and skull
Classification systems for midline abnormalities of the brain and skull are varied and constantly changing as the underlying embryology and genetics are uncovered.
Classification
A relatively simple and robust classification system is based on the location of abnormalities, proposed by Nuñez ...
Article
Classification system for malformations of the cerebellum
Classification systems for malformations of the cerebellum are varied and are constantly being revised as a greater understanding of the underlying genetics and embryology of the disorders is uncovered.
Classification
A classification proposed by Barkovich et al. in 2009 1 divides cerebellar ...
Article
CEUS LI-RADS
The Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS) is a standardized classification system, algorithm, and terminology for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk patients using CEUS with blood-pool intravenous contrast agents.
The current ver...
Article
DeLee and Charnley and Gruen zones
DeLee and Charnley and Gruen classified the radiolucent lines between the total hip arthroplasty and the bone seen on the AP and lateral views of the operated hip in three acetabular zones and seven femoral zones, respectively.
Loosening induces the formation of a fibrous or 'synovial-like' mem...
Article
Glasgow-Blatchford score
The Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) is a widely-used and well-validated scoring system for upper GI bleeding and the need for intervention.
Score
The scoring system relies upon knowing the patient's urea, hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and several other criteria. Each criterion is scored,...
Article
LI-RADS US Surveillance
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Ultrasound Surveillance (LI-RADS US Surveillance) is a standardized system with recommendations for imaging technique, interpretation and reporting for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using unenhanced ultrasound in patients at high risk for ...
Article
CT/MRI LI-RADS
CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is an algorithm for diagnosing and staging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (CT/MRI Diagnostic LI-RADS) or assessing the response of HCC to locoregional treatment (CT/MRI Treatment Response LI-RADS) using CT or MRI with extracellular contras...
Article
Gastric lymph node stations
The gastric lymph node stations were originally divided into 16 groups, as proposed by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer in 1973.
Gross anatomy
There are three major groups of lymph drainage from the stomach, namely, left gastric, gastroepiploic, and pyloric nodes 4, as shown in...
Article
Diffuse hepatic steatosis (grading)
Grading of diffuse hepatic steatosis on ultrasound has been used to communicate to the clinician about the extent of fatty changes in the liver.
Grading using ultrasound B-mode
grade I: diffusely increased hepatic echogenicity but periportal and diaphragmatic echogenicity is still appreciable...
Article
Errors in diagnostic radiology
Errors in diagnostic radiology occur for a variety of reasons related to human error, technical factors and system faults. It is important to recognize that various cognitive biases contribute to these errors.
Classification
Renfrew classification
This classification was proposed by Renfrew e...
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