Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
1,375 results found
Article
Spinal epidural venous plexus congestion
Spinal epidural venous plexus congestion or dilatation is typically a complication of other pathologies.
Clinical presentation
Radiculopathy caused by the dilated epidural veins is not uncommon 1. More severe symptoms such as cauda equina compression syndrome have been reported 6, 7.
Patholo...
Article
Posterior ciliary arteries
The posterior ciliary arteries are usually paired branches arising from the ophthalmic artery, one medial and one lateral, each giving off a number of branches that supply the uvea 1.
Close to the optic nerve, are the short posterior ciliary arteries, usually numbering 16-20; these supply the p...
Article
Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses
The persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are variant anatomical arterial communications between the anterior and posterior circulations due to abnormal embryological development of the vertebrobasilar system. They are named, with the exception of the proatlantal artery, using the crani...
Article
Transposition of the great arteries
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA), also known as transposition of the great vessels (TGV), is the most common cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly presenting during the newborn period, with cyanosis in the first 24 hours of life.
It occurs as a result of ventriculoarterial discordance, w...
Article
Portal vein
The portal vein (PV) (sometimes referred to as the main or hepatic portal vein) is the main vessel in the portal venous system and drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.
Terminology
A portal venous system connects two capillary beds, meaning one organ / organ sys...
Article
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of extra-axial intracranial hemorrhage and denotes the presence of blood within the subarachnoid space.
Epidemiology
Patients tend to be older middle age, typically less than 60 years old 2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 3% of stroke and 5% of str...
Article
Intrapelvic cup migration
Intrapelvic cup migration is a serious complication after total hip arthroplasty, in which the prosthetic acetabular cup migrates or drifts into the pelvic inlet.
Epidemiology
Fortunately, this complication is very rare. There seems to be a female predisposition 1-3.
Risk factors
Factors inc...
Article
Ulnar artery
The ulnar artery is a terminal branch of the brachial artery, arising at the proximal aspect of the forearm. Along with the radial artery, it is one of the main arteries of the forearm.
Summary
origin: terminal branch of the brachial artery
location: inferior aspect of the cubital fossa
sup...
Article
Radial artery
The radial artery is a terminal branch of the brachial artery and arises at the cubital fossa of the forearm. It is one of the two main arteries of the forearm, along with the ulnar artery.
Summary
origin: terminal branch of the brachial artery
location: inferior aspect of the cubital fossa
...
Article
Deep palmar arch
The deep palmar arch is the terminal branch of the radial artery, usually forming an anastomosis with the ulnar artery 1.
The radial artery enters the palm in between the oblique and transverse heads of adductor pollicis muscle, coursing across the palm approximately 1 cm proximal to the superf...
Article
Superficial palmar arch
The superficial palmar arch originates as the terminal branch of the ulnar artery, distal to the flexor retinaculum 1. It is located superficial to the long flexor tendons of the digits and deep to the palmar aponeurosis.
The superficial palmar arch travels distally, then laterally across the m...
Article
Arterial supply to the hand
The arterial supply to the hand is comprised of a complex vascular network formed from the branches and distal continuations of the radial and ulnar arteries. This rich vascular network can be divided into palmar and dorsal components.
Palmar arterial supply
The palmar arterial supply can be d...
Article
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare complication seen after treatment of long-standing severe carotid stenosis by carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting. It is believed to be the result of failure of normal cerebral blood flow autoregulation.
Terminology
Cerebral hyperperfus...
Article
Morgan and Superina classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
The Morgan and Superina classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts is based on the absence (type 1) or presence (type 2) of intrahepatic portal blood supply 2.
Usage
This classification system is widely used (c. 2020) 2, although there is evidence that all congenital extrah...
Article
Recurrent artery of Heubner
Recurrent artery of Heubner, also known as the medial striate artery or long central artery, is the largest perforating branch from the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and is the only one routinely seen on angiography.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
The origin is from the anterior ce...
Article
Crawford classification
The Crawford classification system is used to classify thoracoabdominal aneurysms and has important therapeutic implications. Precise classification of anatomical features allows accurate risk stratification and appropriate operative planning 1,2.
Classification
The system divides thoracoabdo...
Article
Varicocele grading on color Doppler
Varicocele grading on color Doppler can be done variably. The most elaborate and widely-accepted grading was given by Sarteschi, as below.
For a general discussion of this condition refer to the article: varicocele.
Evaluation
baseline greyscale study in supine position and measure the diame...
Article
Interarterial course of the right coronary artery
Interarterial course of the right coronary artery may occur if the right coronary artery (RCA) has an aberrant origin from the left coronary sinus. The interarterial course occurs because the artery passes between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
It is an uncommon anatomic variant w...
Article
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an autosomal dominant microvasculopathy characterized by recurrent lacunar and subcortical white matter ischemic strokes and vascular dementia in young and middle age patients without known va...
Article
Pulmonary arterial ectasia
Pulmonary arterial ectasia refers to more diffuse dilatation of the pulmonary arteries without a focal pulmonary arterial aneurysm. At the time of writing, the upper limit of normal (90th percentile) for the main pulmonary arteries is taken at just under 29 mm for males and just under 27 mm for ...
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